Variable | Instrument |
---|---|
Primary outcome variables | |
Glycaemic control | HbA1c |
Quality of life | |
Secondary outcome variables | |
Blood lipids | Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides |
Insulin sensitivity | HOMA score |
Kidney function | Creatinine and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (e-GFR) |
Blood pressure | Measured twice using Welch-Allyn electronic sphygmomanometer on same arm. A third measure is taken when the first two readings differ by more than 10 mmHg and 6mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | Calculated from height and weight measured by research staff |
Waist and hip circumference | Measured by research staff according to WHO MONICA project guidelines [23] |
Diet | Anti Cancer Council of Victoria Food Frequency Questionnaire [30] (ACCVFFQ) |
Physical activity | Active Australia Survey [29] |
Self-efficacy (nutrition and physical activity) | Self-efficacy scales [28] |
Anxiety and depression | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [26] |
Social support | ENRICHD Social Support Inventory [27] |
Smoking | Self-report |
Adherence to recommendations for blood glucose testing, foot-care and medication | Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities [31] |
Health care service utilisation, except hospital admissions | Self-report for visit to health professionals, usage of hospital services not involving admissions and medications |
Hospital admissions | Electronic records maintained by Queensland Health, plus self-report for admissions to private hospitals |
Co-morbidities | Self-report |