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Table 2 Sex-specific crude and multivariate adjusted PRs for metabolic syndrome¹

From: Metabolic syndrome in Russian adults: associated factors and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and all causes

Factor Men Women
  Model 12 Model 2 Model 3 Model 12 Model 2 Model 3
Age       
   18-29 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
   30-39 3.58 (1.67-7.68) 2.24 (0.82-6.18) 1.4 (0.57-3.43) 2.29 (1.20-4.38) 1.55 (0.80-2.98) 1.42 (0.78-2.58)
   40-49 6.49 (3.23-13.04) 3.75 (1.44-9.78) 2.03 (0.88-4.68) 6.07(3.46-10.67) 3.43 (1.90-6.19) 2.50 (1.45-4.33)
   50-59 8.45 (4.18-17.06) 4.98 (1.89-13.14) 2.91 (1.25-6.75) 11.1(6.37-19.16) 5.39 (2.93-9.89) 3.76 (2.12-6.67)
   60+ 10.45 (5.25-20.82) 6.58 (2.34-18.49) 5.06 (2.09-12.21) 12.1(7.02-20.98) 5.09 (2.69-9.65) 3.97 (2.17-7.26)
   P for trend < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Education       
   Secondary school Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
   College 0.76 (0.54-1.07) 1.03 (0.73-1.47) 1.23 (0.86-1.76) 0.67 (0.55-0.81) 0.96 (0.78-1.18) 0.89 (0.73-1.09)
   University 1.39 (0.94-2.05) 1.10 (0.73-1.65) 1.18 (0.79-1.77) 0.60 (0.48-0.76) 0.80 (0.62-1.03) 0.89 (0.69-1.13)
   P for trend 0.190 0.660 0.375 < 0.001 0.085 0.329
Income       
   Very low 1.15 (0.71-1.86) 0.87 (0.48-1.59) 0.81 (0.46-1.44) 2.19 (1.82-2.63) 0.99 (0.77-1.26) 0.97 (0.76-1.23)
   Low Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
   Medium 0.47 (0.23-0.97) 0.67 (0.32-1.40) 0.62 (0.28-1.33) 1.19 (0.89-1.60) 1.11 (0.82-1.50) 1.03 (0.75-1.41)
   High 0.62 (0.40-0.98) 0.84 (0.52-1.33) 0.81 (0.50-1.31) 0.88 (0.42-1.85) 0.97 (0.47-1.98) 1.01 (0.53-1.92)
   Unknown 0.14 (0.06-0.33) 0.83 (0.26-2.62) 1.22 (0.45-3.31) 0.34 (0.22-0.53) 0.69 (0.45-1.07) 0.79 (0.52-1.19)
Fresh fruits/vegetab. intake; high vs. low 1.26 (0.94-1.69) 1.21 (0.90-1.63) 1.17(0.85-1.58) 0.88 (0.73-1.05) 1.05 (0.88-1.25) 1.06 (0.90-1.25)
Current smoking 0.62 (0.47-0.81) 0.74 (0.56-0.97) 1.08 (0.81-1.45) 0.50 (0.38-0.67) 0.98 (0.74-1.30) 1.04 (0.80-1.35)
Sedentary lifestyle 1.7 (1.28-2.28) 1.33 (0.99-1.81) 1.13 (0.84-1.52) 1.81 (1.52-2.16) 1.31 (1.11-1.55) 1.19 (1.01-1.40)
Frequency of alcohol intake       
   Abstainers Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
   ≤1 times a month 0.82 (0.55-1.21) 0.90 (0.60-1.35) 0.66 (0.45-0.98) 0.74 (0.61-0.90) 1.13 (0.92-1.39) 1.04 (0.85-1.27)
   2-4 times a month 0.47 (0.32-0.67) 0.62 (0.42-0.93) 0.59 (0.41-0.85) 0.47 (0.37-0.59) 0.96 (0.75-1.22) 0.90 (0.71-1.14)
   ≥5 times a month 0.55 (0.33-0.90) 0.76 (0.46-1.26) 0.61 (0.37-1.00) 0.19 (0.08-0.44) 0.42 (0.19-0.97) 0.58 (0.26-1.30)
   P for trend < 0.001 0.045 0.030 < 0.001 0.202 0.190
Body Mass Index       
   < 25 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
   25.0-29.9 30.78 (9.71-97.51) - 22.0 (6.61-73.24) 7.3 (5.0-10.6) - 4.4 (3.0-6.5)
   30.0-34.9 163.1(52.2-509.6) - 105.0 (31.6-349.1) 14.5 (10.1-20.9) - 7.0 (4.6-10.5)
   ≥35 195.7 (61.0-628.1) - 132.9 (39.1-451.5) 16.8 (11.5-24.5) - 7.3 (4.8-11.3)
Number of AU on one occasion3       
   Abstainers Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
   1-4 AU 0.61 (0.42-0.89) 0.78 (0.53-1.15) 0.69 (0.48-0.99) 0.58 (0.49-0.70) 1.04 (0.85-1.26) 0.96 (0.79-1.17)
   ≥ 5 AU 0.52 (0.36-0.75) 0.61 (0.40-0.93) 0.52 (0.35-0.76) 0.52 (0.38-0.70) 1.07 (0.79-1.46) 1.06 (0.78-1.43)
   P for trend 0.003 0.017 0.001 < 0.001 0.631 0.893
Log GGT 4.3 (3.18-5.81) 1.83 (1.22-2.75) 1.28 (0.82-2.0) 4.08 (3.28-5.07) 1.69 (1.27-2.26) 1.62 (1.22-2.15)
Log AST/Log ALT 0.11 (0.05-0.27) 0.09 (0.04-0.22) 0.19 (0.08-0.46) 0.34 (0.21-0.56) 0.56 (0.33-0.94) 0.82 (0.51-1.32)
Log CRP 2.28 (1.9-2.73) 1.63 (1.28-2.09) 1.27 (0.93-1.72) 3.16 (2.73-3.65) 2.17 (1.82-2.59) 1.61 (1.09-1.12)
  1. 1 Metabolic syndrome is defined according to modified IDF criteria
  2. 2 Model 1: crude PRs. Model 2 estimates for the MetS adjusted for age, education, income, frequency of fresh fruit and vegetable intake, smoking habits, physical activity and the frequency of alcohol consumption. Model 3: estimates for the MetS adjusted for all covariates in Model 2 plus BMI
  3. 3 The PRs for "Number of AU on one occasion" in Model 2 and Model 3 adjusted as before excluding variable "Frequency of alcohol consumption"
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