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Table 5 Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cardiovascular case-fatality by social status indicators classes.

From: Social status and cardiovascular disease: a Mediterranean case. Results from the Italian Progetto CUORE cohort study

  

ALL

NORTH

CENTRE-SOUTH

  

n

p/y

HRa (CI 95%)

n

p/y

HRa (CI 95%)

n

p/y

HRa (CI 95%)

MEN

Educational level

         
 

High

23

1473

Ref.

18

1261

Ref.

5

212

Ref.

 

Medium

44

2275

1.12 (0.65;1.92)

29

1683

0.90 (0.46;1.75)

15

592

1.70 (0.55;5.23)

 

Low

139

4656

1.06 (0.63;1.78)

25

1717

0.78 (0.41;1.49)

114

2939

1.72 (0.62;4.77)

 

Marital Status

         
 

Married or cohabitating

175

7691

Ref.

54

4078

Ref.

121

3613

Ref.

 

Other living arrangements

41

876

3.2 (2.21;4.64)

21

613

3.41 (1.98;5.86)

20

263

2.61 (1.61;4.24)

WOMEN

Educational level

         
 

High

6

443

Ref.

4

335

Ref.

2

107

Ref.

 

Medium

14

852

0.77 (0.28;2.10)

9

724

0.53 (0.13;2.09)

5

128

5.75 (0.97;33.98)

 

Low

95

3026

1.01 (0.42;2.37)

21

900

1.07 (0.31;3.72)

74

2126

1.44 (0.34;6.04)

 

Marital Status

         
 

Married or cohabitating

81

3334

Ref.

27

1590

Ref.

54

1745

Ref.

 

Other living arrangements

38

1126

1.15 (0.76;1.75)

9

431

1.13 (0.50;2.54)

29

694

1.15 (0.71;1.87)

  1. Men and women 35-69 years old free of previous CVD at baseline (ALL). The population is then stratified by geographical area (NORTH vs. CENTRE-SOUTH of Italy).
  2. n=number of first cardiovascular events. p/y=person-years. Ref.= reference.
  3. a HR for educational levels adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, diabetes (yes, no), smoking habits (yes, no), anti hypertensive medication(yes, no). HR for marital status adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, diabetes (yes, no), smoking habits (yes, no), anti hypertensive medication (yes, no), education (three levels).