From: Inadequacy of nutrients intake among pregnant women in the Deep South of Thailand
Variables | This study | Piammongkol et al., 2004 [10] | Jaruratanasirikul et al., 2009 [11] | Cheng et al., 2009 [4] | Oguntona and Akinyele, 2002 [6] | Swensen et al., 2001 [7] | ||||||
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Site | Hospital-based Narathiwat, southern Thailand | Community-based Pattani, southern Thailand | Hospital-based Songkhla, southern Thailand | Hospital-based Shaanxi, western China | Hospital-based Ogun state, Nigeria | Hospital-based Mineapolis & St. Paul, USA | ||||||
Gestational age | 12-20 weeks | 32-40 weeks | 12-16 weeks | < 24 weeks | < 24 weeks | < 20week | ||||||
Recommended considered | 2/3 (66.7%)RDA | 80%RDA | 100% iDRI | 100% DRI | 100%RDA | 2/3 (66.7%)RDA | ||||||
Nutrient intake | % of inadequacy | Mean | % of inadequacy | Mean | % of inadequacy | Mean | % of inadequacy | Mean | % of inadequacy | Mean | % of inadequacy | Mean |
Macronutrient | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- CHO(g) | 86.8 | 177.6 | - | 227.1 | Â | 225.0 | - | 391.2 | - | 263.5 | Â | Â |
- Protein(g) | 81.5 | 37.1 | 46.4 | 48.9 | - | 70.0 | 31.0 | 63.4 | 44.0 | 39.8 | 2.0 | - |
- Fat(g) | 87.0 | 38.9 | - | 20.2 | - | 60.0 | - | 57.0 | - | 23.6 | - | - |
- Calories(Kcal) | 95.2 | 1,204.5 | 96.4 | 1,285.0 | - | 1,806.0 | 54.0 | 2,331.9 | 44.3 | 1,405.8 | 30.0 | - |
Micronutrient | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Thiamine(mg) | 85.0 | 0.7 | 98.8 | 0.4 | - | 0.46 | - | 1.4 | - | - | 5.0 | - |
- Riboflavin(mg) | 19.2 | 1.3 | 75.3 | 0.9 | - | 1.33 | 91.0 | 0.9 | - | - | 0.0 | - |
- Niacin(mg) | 43.2 | 9.8 | 29.5 | 16.2 | - | 17.0 | - | 12.2 | - | - | 12.0 | - |
- Vitamin A(ng RE) | 3.8 | 2,366.5 | 3.6 | 2,628.0 | - | 718.0 | - | 572.0 | 0.0 | 2,387.0 | 3.0 | - |
- Vitamin C(mg) | 0.8 | 251.7 | 14.5 | 119.. 0 | - | 71.0 | 34 | 106.3 | - | - | 8.0 | - |
- Calcium(mg) | 55.0 | 493.2 | 99.4 | 281.7 | - | 700.0 | 70.0 | 453.7 | 25.1 | 748.8 | 17.0 | - |
- Phosphorus(mg) | 29.5 | 571.8 | 97.6 | 431.3 | - | 698.0 | - | 1,147.6 | - | - | 0.0 | - |
- Iron(mg) | 45.2 | 17.6 | 98.8 | 22.0 | - | 16.0 | - | 23.2 | 62.0 | 11.4 | 90.0 | - |
- Iodine(μg) | 0.8 | 379.9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
- Zinc(mg) | - | - | - | - | - | 3.5 | 91.0 | 8.9 | 18.7 | 12.2 | 24.0 | - |
- Copper(mg) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.9 | 73.3 | 0.8 | - | - |
- Folate(μg) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 97.0 | 265.9 | 67.0 | 198.0 | - | - |