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Table 3 Means and standard deviations of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scales by smoking status

From: Emotional, behavioural problems and cigarette smoking in adolescence: findings of a Greek cross-sectional study

 

Smoking status

  
 

No

Yes

  
 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

F (df: 1, 1026)

P*

Emotional symptoms

2.90

2.10

3.70

2.40

12.85

<0.001

Conduct problems

2.90

1.50

3.70

1.60

31.06

<0.001

Hyperactivity-inattention

3.40

2.10

4.80

2.30

33.58

<0.001

Peer problems

1.80

1.70

2.10

1.60

4.38

0.037

Prosocial behaviour

8.10

1.80

7.80

2.00

2.20

0.138

  1. *multivariate analysis of variance (age and gender were used as covariates)
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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