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Table 5 Adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between diagnosis of chronic bronchitis/emphysema and lifestyle behaviors, body mass index, and perceived health stratified by age, sex, education, and urban living environment

From: Lifestyle and perceived health in subjects with chronic bronchitis or emphysema: a cross-sectional study

  

Age*

Sex#

Education¶

Settlement†

  

≤65

> 65

male

female

elementary

Secondary/university

urban

rural

Consumption of fruits

Every day

1.031

(0.816-1.304)

0.781

(0.572-1.067)

0.757

(0.559-1.027)

1.071

(0.842-1.363)

0.937

(0.706-1.244)

0.941

(0.733-1.207)

0.916

(0.699-1.200)

0.950

(0.733-1.233)

 

Less than every day

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Consumption of vegetables

Every day

1.092

(0.862-1.384)

1.548

(1.139-2.104)

1.257

(0.938-1.686)

1.214

(0.950-1.551)

1.294

(0.983-1.704)

1.170

(0.905-1.512)

1.188

(0.907-1.556)

1.278

(0.984-1.661)

 

Less than every day

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Smoking

Current smokers

1.548

(1.259-1.904)

1.692

(1.191-2.403)

1.270

(0.960-1.680)

1.801

(1.429-2.269)

1.563

(1.156-2.112)

1.579

(1.263-1.974)

1.658

(1.297-2.120)

1.491

(1.149-1.935)

 

Nonsmokers

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Binge alcohol use

At risk

1.244

(0.788-1.964)

0.896

0.368-2.186)

0.949

(0.583-1.545)

2.294

(1.106-4.757)

1.387

(0.734-2.619)

1.014

(0.597-1.722)

1.010

(0.558-1.830)

1.279

(0.733-2.231)

 

Not at risk

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Heavy consumption of alcohol

At risk

0.863

(0.482-1.545)

1.183

(0.705-1.983)

1.068

(0.710-1.606)

0.748

(0.221-2.530)

0.959

(0.558-1.649)

1.110

(0.643-1.915)

1.059

(0.566-1.981)

1.009

(0.620-1.644)

 

Not at risk

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Physical activity

Active

1.051

(0.846-1.307)

1.071

(0.760-1.511)

1.217

(0.920-1.610)

0.951

(0.743-1.217)

1.088

(0.809-1.465)

1.048

(0.829-1.324)

1.207

(0.933-1.561)

0.947

(0.726-1.235)

 

Not active

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Body mass index

< 25

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

25-30

0.942

(0.742-1.194)

0.969

(0.713-1.318)

0.783

(0.585-1.049)

1.006

(0.785-1.289)

0.945

(0.705-1.267)

0.867

(0.677-1.110)

0.810

(0.616-1.064)

1.022

(0.788-1.327)

 

> 30

1.128

(0.862-1.477)

0.967

(0.679-1.377)

1.073

(0.757-1.520)

0.993

(0.755-1.306)

1.196

(0.880-1.627)

0.820

(0.602-1.116)

0.926

(0.678-1.264)

1.115

(0.831-1.495)

Perceived health

Very bad/bad

6.514

(4.868-8.717)

3.252

(2.126-4.973)

4.045

(2.790-5.863)

5.434

(3.888-7.594)

4.359

(2.959-6.421)

4.833

(3.455-6.762)

4.590

(3.210-6.562)

4.811

(3.398-6.810)

 

Fair

2.459

(1.929-3.136)

1.839

(1.224-2.765)

1.752

(1.269-2.419)

2.520

(1.892-3.356)

2.019

(1.385-2.944)

2.214

(1.710-2.866)

2.144

(1.596-2.879)

2.240

(1.645-3.050)

 

Good/very good

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  1. *adjusted for sex, education and settlement; # adjusted for age, education and settlement; ¶ adjusted for age, sex and settlement; †adjusted for age, sex and education; 1.00 reference category