Table 5 Adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between diagnosis of chronic bronchitis/emphysema and lifestyle behaviors, body mass index, and perceived health stratified by age, sex, education, and urban living environment
| Age* | Sex# | Education¶ | Settlement† | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤65 | > 65 | male | female | elementary | Secondary/university | urban | rural | ||
| Consumption of fruits | Every day |
1.031 (0.816-1.304) |
0.781 (0.572-1.067) |
0.757 (0.559-1.027) |
1.071 (0.842-1.363) |
0.937 (0.706-1.244) |
0.941 (0.733-1.207) |
0.916 (0.699-1.200) |
0.950 (0.733-1.233) |
| Less than every day | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Consumption of vegetables | Every day |
1.092 (0.862-1.384) |
1.548 (1.139-2.104) |
1.257 (0.938-1.686) |
1.214 (0.950-1.551) |
1.294 (0.983-1.704) |
1.170 (0.905-1.512) |
1.188 (0.907-1.556) |
1.278 (0.984-1.661) |
| Less than every day | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Smoking | Current smokers |
1.548 (1.259-1.904) |
1.692 (1.191-2.403) |
1.270 (0.960-1.680) |
1.801 (1.429-2.269) |
1.563 (1.156-2.112) |
1.579 (1.263-1.974) |
1.658 (1.297-2.120) |
1.491 (1.149-1.935) |
| Nonsmokers | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Binge alcohol use | At risk |
1.244 (0.788-1.964) |
0.896 0.368-2.186) |
0.949 (0.583-1.545) |
2.294 (1.106-4.757) |
1.387 (0.734-2.619) |
1.014 (0.597-1.722) |
1.010 (0.558-1.830) |
1.279 (0.733-2.231) |
| Not at risk | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Heavy consumption of alcohol | At risk |
0.863 (0.482-1.545) |
1.183 (0.705-1.983) |
1.068 (0.710-1.606) |
0.748 (0.221-2.530) |
0.959 (0.558-1.649) |
1.110 (0.643-1.915) |
1.059 (0.566-1.981) |
1.009 (0.620-1.644) |
| Not at risk | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Physical activity | Active |
1.051 (0.846-1.307) |
1.071 (0.760-1.511) |
1.217 (0.920-1.610) |
0.951 (0.743-1.217) |
1.088 (0.809-1.465) |
1.048 (0.829-1.324) |
1.207 (0.933-1.561) |
0.947 (0.726-1.235) |
| Not active | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Body mass index | < 25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25-30 |
0.942 (0.742-1.194) |
0.969 (0.713-1.318) |
0.783 (0.585-1.049) |
1.006 (0.785-1.289) |
0.945 (0.705-1.267) |
0.867 (0.677-1.110) |
0.810 (0.616-1.064) |
1.022 (0.788-1.327) | |
| > 30 |
1.128 (0.862-1.477) |
0.967 (0.679-1.377) |
1.073 (0.757-1.520) |
0.993 (0.755-1.306) |
1.196 (0.880-1.627) |
0.820 (0.602-1.116) |
0.926 (0.678-1.264) |
1.115 (0.831-1.495) | |
| Perceived health | Very bad/bad |
6.514 (4.868-8.717) |
3.252 (2.126-4.973) |
4.045 (2.790-5.863) |
5.434 (3.888-7.594) |
4.359 (2.959-6.421) |
4.833 (3.455-6.762) |
4.590 (3.210-6.562) |
4.811 (3.398-6.810) |
| Fair |
2.459 (1.929-3.136) |
1.839 (1.224-2.765) |
1.752 (1.269-2.419) |
2.520 (1.892-3.356) |
2.019 (1.385-2.944) |
2.214 (1.710-2.866) |
2.144 (1.596-2.879) |
2.240 (1.645-3.050) | |
| Good/very good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |