Table 2 Example of step-wise analysis for the theme: Obstacles to Contraceptives Use.

Pills burn woman's eggs

Pills pile up in body cause swellings, cancer, spoils tubes

Oral methods are abortifacient, and cause birth defects

Coil pierces womb

Condom damages womb, grooves porous, lubricant infectious

Condom break, get stuck, may cause death

Side effects are permanent

Contraceptives cause infertility, guilty of not bearing children

Lived or peers experiences of side effects

Fears

Condom faulty- 'whites' insert HIV in condom

Contraceptives make women sick and fail to work

Men reject discussion, disapprove contraceptives use

Men abusive, violent, abandon women using contraceptives

Women need men's permission

Power relation

Gender power relations

Men intimidate, manipulate girls into sex without contraceptives

Men use pregnancy to control and attach women in relationships

Couple disagree on use, consensus rare

Men decide on number of children, when to use a method or not

Decision making

Male persuasive, girls are shy, ignorant and weak to negotiate for use

and negotiation

Men take contraception lightly consider it a woman's problem

Women's purpose in life is child bearing

Women face dilemma, men demand gender distribution of children

Social norms and

Socio-cultural expectations

Society condemn early sex, pregnancy, contraceptive use by young people

expectations

and contradictions

Contraceptives for married with enough children

Men want children from different wives

Parents, partners, in-laws have strong negative feelings on contraceptives

Religion oppose use of contraceptives

Society links contraceptive use to promiscuity

Women fear to be seen at health center or shop seeking contraceptives

Young people using contraceptives are spoiled

Stigma

Embarrassing to attend FP clinics or to buy condoms

Men suspicious if women brings or knows how to use condom

Men refuse contraception, but say children are women's responsibility

Parents not open on sex matters, but scare youth from contraception

Parents angered when find girls or boys with contraceptives

Parents force girl/boy to marry early if pregnant

Abortion option for girls not to have a baby

Religion view contraception as murder, a sin

Pre-marital sex not a problem, men/women start sex early

Apparent trust, men develop trust in women quickly, rarely use FP

Girls perceived to be too young to get pregnant

Male partner's duty to use protection

Contraception not priority, and preference of sex without condom

Emerging attitudes

Short term planning dilemma

Perceived love of a girl abandon condom use

Pregnancy is a means to acquire a partner for marriage

Poverty-sex with older men and commercial sex

Sex done in a hurry, no time to get condom after convincing the girl

Girls want sex, are not patient during courtship, abstinence outdated

Immediate gratification

Young men compete for girls, use pregnancy to win them over

Pleasure from sex overrides fear for pregnancy

Cost burden for transport and contraceptives

Use of condoms expensive with consistent partner

Limited method to choose from and irregular stocks

Long distance to health center, queue and waiting time, shops close early

Providers too busy with sick people, seeking service is not convenient

Provider dictate methods for young people, not friendly

Provider advise on abstinence and not contraception

Providers report young people seeking contraception to parent or partner

Fear to collide with parents at Health Center