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Table 1 Characteristics of the participants.

From: The effects of air pollution on vitamin D status in healthy women: A cross sectional study

 

Tehran High pollution area

Ghazvin Low pollution area

Total

Age (years)*

35 (29-42)

39 (31-44)***

37(31-44)

BMI (kg/m 2)**

28 ± 5

26 ± 3***

27 ± 4.6

Daily dietary Calcium intake (mg)**

964 ± 402

880 ± 343

925 ± 379

Daily dietary Phosphor intake (mg)**

1255 ± 491

1113 ± 430

1184 ± 424

Daily dietary vitamin D intake (ug)*

1.67 (0.8-2.8)

1.60 (0.6-2.7)

1.60(0.9-2.7)

Daily dietary protein intake (gr)**

67 ± 27

62 ± 35

64 ± 27

Housing status% ***

   

Apartment

73(73)

47(47)

120(60)

Villa

27(27)

53(53)

80(40)

Time spent outdoor% ***

   

>3 days in week

69(69)

85(85)

154(77)

<3 days in week

31(31)

15(15)

46(23)

Sun screen %

   

Routine

33(33)

20(20)

53(26.5)

Never

41(41)

50(50)

91(45.5)

Occasion

26(26)

30(30)

56(28)

UVB (W/m 2)**

0.16 ± 0.03

0.31 ± 0.07 ***

0.27 ± 0.09

  1. * Median (IQ: 25-75). ** Mean ± SD. *** P-value < 0.05