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Table 2 Adjusted Population Attributable Risk (PAR) for selected risk factors, IDHS 2002/2003 and 2007*

From: Factors associated with underutilization of antenatal care services in Indonesia: results of Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2002/2003 and 2007

VARIABLE

%†

aOR‡

PAR (95%CI)

Region and type of residence

    

Java-Bali region: urban (Ref)

0.14

1.00

  

Java-Bali region: rural

0.30

2.78

0.19

(0.13 0.25)

Sumatera region: urban

0.05

1.63

0.02

(0.01 0.04)

Sumatera region: rural

0.21

4.60

0.16

(0.13 0.20)

Eastern Indonesia region: urban

0.06

2.39

0.03

(0.01 0.07)

Eastern Indonesia region: rural

0.24

4.93

0.19

(0.16 0.22)

   Combined risk

  

0.48

(0.38 0.58)

Household wealth index and maternal education

    

Wealthiest household, completed secondary education or higher (Ref)

0.03

1.00

  

Wealthiest household, completed primary or some secondary education

0.08

2.15

0.04

(0.03 0.06)

Wealthiest household, incomplete primary education or none

0.02

4.01

0.02

(0.01 0.03)

Middle household wealth, completed secondary education or higher

0.03

2.36

0.02

(0.01 0.03)

Middle household wealth, completed primary or some secondary education

0.20

3.13

0.14

(0.10 0.17)

Middle household wealth, incomplete primary education or none

0.11

5.50

0.09

(0.07 0.11)

Poorest household, completed secondary education or higher

0.02

4.30

0.02

(0.01 0.02)

Poorest household, completed primary or some secondary education

0.25

4.75

0.20

(0.16 0.23)

Poorest household, incomplete primary education or none

0.25

8.82

0.22

(0.18 0.25)

   Combined risk

  

0.55

(0.46 0.63)

Birth rank and interval

    

2nd or 3rd birth rank, > 2 year interval (Ref)

0.33

1.00

  

1st birth rank

0.25

0.81

  

2nd or 3rd birth rank, ≤ 2 year interval

0.08

1.94

0.04

(0.03 0.05)

≥ 4th birth rank, > 2 year interval

0.28

2.08

0.15

(0.12 0.18)

≥ 4th birth rank, ≤ 2 year interval

0.06

3.79

0.05

(0.03 0.06)

   Combined risk

  

0.22

(0.17 0.27)

Knowledge of pregnancy complications

    

Yes (Ref)

0.26

1.00

  

None

0.74

1.46

0.23

(0.14 0.31)

Distance to health services

    

Small problem (Ref)

0.73

1.00

  

Big problem

0.27

1.21

0.05

(0.01 0.09)

  1. Note:
  2. *) These PAR values should not be added. If necessary, only the lower limit of the PAR could be added to provide conservative estimate about the potential prevention due to the elimination of multiple risk factors [29];
  3. †) Weighted by the sampling probability
  4. ‡) aOR = adjusted odds ratio
  5. Ref : reference group
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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