Violence against female sex workers in Karnataka state, south India: impact on health, and reductions in violence following an intervention program

Table 3 FSW experience of violence in the past year, HIV/STI rates and condom use¹

	Not Beaten or raped past year % (n = 3439)	Beaten or raped past year % (n = 413)	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value (Wald test)	Adjusted OR² (95% CI)	P value (Wald test)
HIV-1 infection	16.3	17.6	1.10 (0.80, 1.49)	0.6	0.96 (0.70, 1.32)	0.8
Syphilis	7.6	6.7	0.87 (0.57, 1.34)	0.5	0.92 (0.58, 1.46)	0.7
High-titre syphilis	3.8	3.4	0.91 (0.52, 1.59)	0.7	0.93 (0.53, 1.64)	0.8
Chlamydia infection	6.0	5.3	0.87 (0.53, 1.43)	0.6	0.93 (0.55, 1.57)	0.8
Gonorrhea infection	2.6	5.0	1.93 (1.19, 3.16)	0.008	1.93 (1.13, 3.30)	0.02
Zero unprotected sex acts in past month with clients	75.5	55.4	0.40 (0.31, 0.52)	<0.001	0.42 (0.32, 0.54)	<0.001
Condom use last sex act occasional clients	87.5	84.0	0.75 (0.53, 1.07)	0.1	0.58 (0.40, 0.85)	0.005
Condom use last sex act repeat clients³	83.9	71.6	0.48 (0.35, 0.67)	<0.001	0.49 (0.35, 0.70)	<0.001
Condom use last sex act regular partner⁴	37.1	40.2	1.14 (0.81, 1.61)	0.5	0.86 (0.54, 1.37)	0.5
Ever had anal sex	10.4	32.4	4.11 (3.03, 5.57)	<0.001	3.70 (2.67, 5.12)	<0.001
Condom use last anal sex⁵	63.6	54.7	0.69 (0.40, 1.19)	0.2	0.69 (0.40, 1.21)	0.2

¹Data from the integrated behavioural and biological assessments.
²Models adjusted for survey round, age, marital status, residency, migrant, duration sex work, place entertain clients, clients per week and regular partner.
³n = 2519 ⁴n = 1555 ⁵n = 465.

ISSN: 1471-2458