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Table 2 Categories of risk variables and adjusted odd ratios for large for gestational age (n = 1440)

From: Risk factors and obstetric complications of large for gestational age births with adjustments for community effects: results from a new cohort study

Variable category

Frequency (percentagea) or Mean (SD)

Adjusted odd ratios (90% CI)

Demographics:

  

   Maternal age

28.90 (5.83)

0.96 (0.92, 1.01)

   Pre-pregnancy (BMI) obesityb

211 (16.1%)

2.73* (1.64, 4.55)

   Born in Australia

1039 (72.2%)

1.55 (0.85, 2.82)

   Previous pregnancy

845 (58.7%)

2.26* (1.32, 3.88)

   Married

732 (51.1%)

2.33* (1.36, 3.99)

   Maternal work status (employed)

680 (47.6%)

1.22 (0.75, 1.97)

   Missing datac

144 (10.0%)

 

Socio-economics:

  

   House owned

619 (43.3%)

1.23 (0.74, 2.02)

   Mother (education level)

  

Not complete high school

281 (19.6%)

1.12 (0.63, 1.98)

Complete high school/TAFE (Reference)

883 (61.5%)

Reference

University degree

271 (18.9%)

0.45* (0.20, 1.00)

   Household income

  

Low (<$19,999)

81 (6.5%)

0.27 (0.05, 1.55)

Middle ($20,000-$80,000, Ref.)

835 (67.5%)

Reference

High (>$80,000)

322 (26.0%)

0.99 (0.54, 1.80)

   Missing data

209 (14.5%)

 

Psychological/Behavioural:

  

   No smoking during pregnancy

1100 (76.9%)

5.20* (2.12, 12.8)

   Frequency of alcohol (at least weekly)

122 (8.5%)

0.72 (0.28, 1.90)

   Vitamin supplements intaked

1085 (75.3%)

0.96 (0.58, 1.58)

   Maternal mental health (very high riske)

82 (5.8%)

0.17 (0.01, 5.13)

   Missing data

51 (3.5%)

 

Social network/Neighbourhood:

  

   Neighbours friendly or very friendly

975 (68.3%)

0.89 (0.52, 1.51)

   Satisfied/very satisfied with community

1245 (86.8%)

1.08 (0.44, 2.67)

   Community felt like home (agree)

1045 (73.3%)

1.17 (0.61, 2.23)

   Get help when need it (agree)

1021 (71.3%)

0.93 (0.53, 1.63)

   Get services need (agree)

1114 (78.3%)

0.96 (0.51, 1.82)

   Feel safe (agree)

1128 (79.3%)

1.69 (0.75, 3.83)

   Active in community (agree)

306 (21.6%)

0.93 (0.54, 1.62)

   Moved home in past 1 year

632 (44.3%)

0.65 (0.40, 1.08)

   Missing data

46 (3.2%)

 
  1. aPercentages are calculated based on the available (non-missing) data.
  2. bBMI= (weight in kg)/(square of height in meter) ≥30.
  3. cNumber of individuals with incomplete data within each category of risk variables
  4. dAny of supplements (Iron, Zinc, Calcium, Folic acid, Multi-vitamin, Vitamin C & E).
  5. eVery high risk based on Kessler scale [45] (Kessler 6 scale >12)