Table 1 The pooled effect sizes (Hedges g) and 95% CI when comparing data before and after the activity in the natural environment.
From: A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments
Outcome | Effect size | 95% CI | No. studies | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Attention | 0.23 | (-0.30, 0.76) | 3 | No effect |
Energy | 0.76 | (0.30, 1.22) | 5 | Improved |
Anxiety | 0.52 | (0.25, 0.79) | 6 | Improved |
Tranquillity | 0.07 | (-0.42, 0.55) | 7 | No effect* |
Anger | 0.35 | (0.07, 0.64) | 6 | Improved |
Fatigue | 0.76 | (0.41, 1.11) | 4 | Improved |
Sadness | 0.66 | (0.16, 1.16) | 3 | Improved |
Systolic BP | 0.02 | (-0.42, 0.38) | 4 | No effect |
Diastolic BP | 0.32 | (-0.18, 0.82) | 3 | No effect |
Cortisol | 0.57 | (-0.43, 1.57) | 4 | No effect* |