Second-hand smoke and chronic bronchitis in Taiwanese women: a health-care based study

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Relationships between cigarette smoking and SHS exposure in lifetime status and the severity of COPD according to GOLD criteria.

Variables	No COPD (n = 230)	Mild COPD (n = 129)			Moderate COPD (n = 58)
	N (%)	N (%)	AOR (95%CI)^a	PAR (%)	N (%)	AOR (95%CI)^a	PAR (%)
Cigarette smoking/SHS status
Non-smoker	90 (39.1)	32 (24.8)	1		9 (15.5)	1
Second-hand smoker	133 (57.8)	83 (64.3)	1.76 (1.06-2.93)	26.5	44 (75.9)	3.84 (1.72-8.60)^c	56.2
Smoker	7 (3.0)	14 (10.9)	7.01 (2.52-19.51)	8.9	5 (8.6)	6.49 (1.61-26.15)^c	7.3
Cigarette smoking and cumulative SHS exposure (year)
Non-smoker	90 (39.1)	32 (24.8)	1		9 (15.5)	1
Second-hand smoker
1 < SHS < 32	73 (31.7)	38 (29.5)	1.48 (0.82-2.68)		20 (34.5)	3.31 (1.36-8.06)^c
SHS ≥ 32	60 (26.1)	45 (34.9)	2.05 (1.16-3.64)^b		24 (41.4)	4.43 (1.85-10.60)^b,c
Smoker	7 (3.0)	14 (10.9)	7.04 (2.53-19.61)		5 (8.6)	6.51 (1.61-26.32)

^aAOR: Adjusting for age, secondhand smoke status, height, education level, cooking status, burning incense and tea consumption.
^bTrend test from Non-SHS, 1<32, to SHS ≧ 32 years in Mild COPD: p = 0.01; and in Moderate COPD: p < 0.01.
^cTrend test from No COPD, Mild COPD, to Moderate COPD in second-hand smoker: p < 0.01 (p < 0.01 in 1<32 years and SHS ≧ 32 years); and in smoker: p < 0.01.

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