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Table 2 Relationships between cigarette smoking and SHS exposure in lifetime status and chronic bronchitis and probable chronic bronchitis according to physician diagnosis and ATS criteria.

From: Second-hand smoke and chronic bronchitis in Taiwanese women: a health-care based study

Variables

No chronic bronchitis (n = 205)

Probable chronic bronchitis (n = 182)

Chronic bronchitis (n = 33)

 

N (%)

N (%)

AOR (95%CI)a

PAR (%)

N (%)

AOR (95%CI)a

PAR (%)

Cigarette smoking/SHS status

       

   Non-smoker

76 (37.1)

52 (28.6)

1

 

4 (12.1)

1

 

   Second-hand smoker

121 (59.0)

120 (65.9)

1.57 (1.00-2.45)

23.8

21 (63.6)

3.65 (1.19-11.26)c

47.3

   Smoker

8 (3.9)

10 (5.5)

1.99 (0.72-5.48)

2.6

8 (24.2)

24.81 (5.78-106.38)c

23.2

Cigarette smoking and

cumulative SHS exposure (year)

       

   Non-smoker

76 (37.1)

52 (28.6)

1

 

4 (12.1)

1

 

   Second-hand smoker

       

1< SHS < 32

67 (32.7)

53 (29.1)

1.24 (0.74-2.10)

 

13 (39.4)

4.26 (1.29-14.09)c

 

SHS ≥ 32

54 (26.3)

67 (36.8)

1.93 (1.16-3.23)b

 

8 (24.2)

3.02 (0.85-10.70)b,c

 

   Smoker

8 (3.9)

10 (5.5)

2.00 (0.73-5.51)

 

8 (24.2)

24.74 (5.77-106.15)

 
  1. aAOR: Adjusting for age, secondhand smoke status, height, education level, cooking status, burning incense and tea consumption.
  2. bTrend test from non-SHS, 1<32, to SHS ≧ 32 years in probable chronic bronchitis: p = 0.01; and in chronic bronchitis: p = 0.12.
  3. cTrend test from no chronic bronchitis, probable chronic bronchitis, to chronic bronchitis in secondhand smokers: p = 0.01 (p = 0.05 in 1<SHS<32 years and p = 0.01 in SHS ≧ 32 years); and in smoker: p < 0.01.