| | |
Municipality Family Income
| |
Educational level
| |
Social Class
| |
|---|
| | |
(n = 651)
| |
(n = 643)
| |
(n = 511)
| |
|---|
| | |
High MFI
|
Low MFI
| |
≤ primary
|
≥secondary
| |
Class I-Vb
|
Class V
| |
|---|
| | |
n = 115
|
n = 536
| |
n = 542
|
n = 101
| |
n = 325
|
n = 186
| |
|---|
| | |
n
|
(%)
|
n
|
(%)
|
p
|
n
|
(%)
|
n
|
(%)
|
p
|
n
|
(%)
|
n
|
(%)
|
p
|
|---|
|
Sex: male
| |
69
|
(60.0)
|
335
|
(62.5)
|
0.616
|
317
|
(58.5)
|
82
|
(81.2)
|
≤0.001
|
269
|
(82.8)
|
123
|
(66.1)
|
≤0.001
|
|
Age (years)
|
M (range)
|
78 (66-96)
|
76.5 (65-100)
|
0.075
|
77 (65-100)
|
76 (65-94)
|
0.033
|
76 (65-96)
|
78 (65-100)
|
0.029
|
|
Living alone
| |
22
|
(19.1)
|
55
|
(10.3)
|
0.008
|
65
|
(12.0)
|
12
|
(11.9)
|
0.975
|
37
|
(11.4)
|
21
|
(11.3)
|
0.974
|
|
Alcohol consumption
| |
3
|
(2.6)
|
48
|
(10.7)
|
0.007
|
44
|
(9.5)
|
7
|
(7.2)
|
0.470
|
35
|
(12.3)
|
14
|
(8.7)
|
0.245
|
|
Smoker or ex-smoker
| |
64
|
(55.7)
|
278
|
(52.2)
|
0.496
|
260
|
(48.1)
|
77
|
(76.2)
|
≤0.001
|
228
|
(70.4)
|
91
|
(48.9)
|
≤0.001
|
|
Admitting Hospital
| | | | | |
≤0.001
| | | | |
≤0.001
| | | | |
≤0.001
|
| |
1
|
102
|
(88.7)
|
15
|
(2.8)
| |
75
|
(13.8)
|
42
|
(41.6)
| |
78
|
(24.0)
|
18
|
(9.7)
| |
| |
2
|
4
|
(3.5)
|
159
|
(29.7)
| |
150
|
(27.7)
|
13
|
(12.9)
| |
104
|
(32.0)
|
36
|
(19.4)
| |
| |
3
|
0
|
(0)
|
233
|
(43.5)
| |
189
|
(34.9)
|
36
|
(35.6)
| |
91
|
(28.0)
|
90
|
(48.4)
| |
| |
4
|
0
|
(0)
|
48
|
(9.0)
| |
44
|
(8.1)
|
4
|
(4.0)
| |
21
|
(6.5)
|
16
|
(8.6)
| |
| |
5
|
9
|
(7.8)
|
81
|
(15.1)
| |
84
|
(15.5)
|
6
|
(5.9)
| |
31
|
(9.5)
|
26
|
(14.0)
| |
|
Underlying diseasesa
| |
77
|
(67.0)
|
383
|
(71.5)
|
0.336
|
385
|
(71.0)
|
67
|
(66.3)
|
0.343
|
238
|
(73.2)
|
128
|
(68.8)
|
0.287
|
|
Heart failure
| |
18
|
(15.7)
|
46
|
(8.6)
|
0.021
|
54
|
(10.0)
|
10
|
(9.9)
|
0.985
|
33
|
(10.2)
|
14
|
(7.5)
|
0.323
|
|
COPD
| |
26
|
(22.6)
|
195
|
(36.4)
|
0.005
|
189
|
(34.9)
|
29
|
(28.7)
|
0.230
|
134
|
(41.2)
|
64
|
(34.4)
|
0.128
|
|
PSI
|
RC ≥ 4
|
54
|
(73.0)
|
321
|
(62.3)
|
0.075
|
312
|
(62.5)
|
55
|
(67.1)
|
0.429
|
193
|
(67.2)
|
103
|
(59.9)
|
0.111
|
|
Combined antibiotic treatment
| |
58
|
(50.4)
|
193
|
(36.0)
|
0.004
|
209
|
(38.6)
|
39
|
(38.6)
|
0.992
|
132
|
(40.6)
|
65
|
(34.9)
|
0.205
|
|
Bacteremic pneumoniab
| |
12
|
(14.5)
|
43
|
(13.4)
|
0.794
|
43
|
(13.0)
|
11
|
(15.7)
|
0.551
|
30
|
(13.7)
|
12
|
(11.0)
|
0.492
|
|
Empyema
| |
5
|
(4.3)
|
12
|
(2.2)
|
0.200
|
13
|
(2.4)
|
4
|
(4.0)
|
0.323
|
10
|
(3.1)
|
4
|
(2.2)
|
0.537
|
|
Pneumonia outcomes
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
LOS (days)
|
M (range)
|
8 (3-51)
|
8 (1-95)
|
0.464
|
8 (1-93)
|
7 (2-95)
|
0.387
|
8 (1-95)
|
8 (2-57)
|
0.306
|
|
Mortality
| |
8
|
(7.0)
|
33
|
(6.2)
|
0.749
|
32
|
(5.9)
|
5
|
(5.0)
|
0.706
|
22
|
(6.8)
|
5
|
(2.7)
|
0.047
|
|
Readmission c
| |
14
|
(13.3)
|
50
|
(10.0)
|
0.316
|
49
|
(9.7)
|
15
|
(15.6)
|
0.086
|
34
|
(11.4)
|
20
|
(11.0)
|
0.827
|
|
ICU
| |
19
|
(16.5)
|
32
|
(6.0)
|
≤0.001
|
39
|
(7.2)
|
9
|
(8.9)
|
0.547
|
28
|
(8.6)
|
7
|
(3.8)
|
0.037
|
- Data are presented as n (%) or median (range).
- Abbreviations: COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; LOS: Length of stay; M: Median; MFI: Municipality Family Income; PSI: Pneumonia Severity Index.; RC: Risk Class.
- Notes: a Only underlying diseases with different distribution between two groups of municipality family income, educational level or social class are listed.
-
b Only 405 patients in whom blood cultures were made were evaluated.
-
c In order to evaluate readmission, deaths during hospitalization were excluded.
