Skip to main content

Table 2 Patient characteristics, admitting hospital and outcomes of pneumonia according to municipality family income, educational level and social class.

From: Influence of socioeconomic status on community-acquired pneumonia outcomes in elderly patients requiring hospitalization: a multicenter observational study

  

Municipality Family Income

 

Educational level

 

Social Class

 
  

(n = 651)

 

(n = 643)

 

(n = 511)

 
  

High MFI

Low MFI

 

≤ primary

≥secondary

 

Class I-Vb

Class V

 
  

n = 115

n = 536

 

n = 542

n = 101

 

n = 325

n = 186

 
  

n

(%)

n

(%)

p

n

(%)

n

(%)

p

n

(%)

n

(%)

p

Sex: male

 

69

(60.0)

335

(62.5)

0.616

317

(58.5)

82

(81.2)

≤0.001

269

(82.8)

123

(66.1)

≤0.001

Age (years)

M (range)

78 (66-96)

76.5 (65-100)

0.075

77 (65-100)

76 (65-94)

0.033

76 (65-96)

78 (65-100)

0.029

Living alone

 

22

(19.1)

55

(10.3)

0.008

65

(12.0)

12

(11.9)

0.975

37

(11.4)

21

(11.3)

0.974

Alcohol consumption

 

3

(2.6)

48

(10.7)

0.007

44

(9.5)

7

(7.2)

0.470

35

(12.3)

14

(8.7)

0.245

Smoker or ex-smoker

 

64

(55.7)

278

(52.2)

0.496

260

(48.1)

77

(76.2)

≤0.001

228

(70.4)

91

(48.9)

≤0.001

Admitting Hospital

     

≤0.001

    

≤0.001

    

≤0.001

 

1

102

(88.7)

15

(2.8)

 

75

(13.8)

42

(41.6)

 

78

(24.0)

18

(9.7)

 
 

2

4

(3.5)

159

(29.7)

 

150

(27.7)

13

(12.9)

 

104

(32.0)

36

(19.4)

 
 

3

0

(0)

233

(43.5)

 

189

(34.9)

36

(35.6)

 

91

(28.0)

90

(48.4)

 
 

4

0

(0)

48

(9.0)

 

44

(8.1)

4

(4.0)

 

21

(6.5)

16

(8.6)

 
 

5

9

(7.8)

81

(15.1)

 

84

(15.5)

6

(5.9)

 

31

(9.5)

26

(14.0)

 

Underlying diseasesa

 

77

(67.0)

383

(71.5)

0.336

385

(71.0)

67

(66.3)

0.343

238

(73.2)

128

(68.8)

0.287

Heart failure

 

18

(15.7)

46

(8.6)

0.021

54

(10.0)

10

(9.9)

0.985

33

(10.2)

14

(7.5)

0.323

COPD

 

26

(22.6)

195

(36.4)

0.005

189

(34.9)

29

(28.7)

0.230

134

(41.2)

64

(34.4)

0.128

PSI

RC ≥ 4

54

(73.0)

321

(62.3)

0.075

312

(62.5)

55

(67.1)

0.429

193

(67.2)

103

(59.9)

0.111

Combined antibiotic treatment

 

58

(50.4)

193

(36.0)

0.004

209

(38.6)

39

(38.6)

0.992

132

(40.6)

65

(34.9)

0.205

Bacteremic pneumoniab

 

12

(14.5)

43

(13.4)

0.794

43

(13.0)

11

(15.7)

0.551

30

(13.7)

12

(11.0)

0.492

Empyema

 

5

(4.3)

12

(2.2)

0.200

13

(2.4)

4

(4.0)

0.323

10

(3.1)

4

(2.2)

0.537

Pneumonia outcomes

                

LOS (days)

M (range)

8 (3-51)

8 (1-95)

0.464

8 (1-93)

7 (2-95)

0.387

8 (1-95)

8 (2-57)

0.306

Mortality

 

8

(7.0)

33

(6.2)

0.749

32

(5.9)

5

(5.0)

0.706

22

(6.8)

5

(2.7)

0.047

Readmission c

 

14

(13.3)

50

(10.0)

0.316

49

(9.7)

15

(15.6)

0.086

34

(11.4)

20

(11.0)

0.827

ICU

 

19

(16.5)

32

(6.0)

≤0.001

39

(7.2)

9

(8.9)

0.547

28

(8.6)

7

(3.8)

0.037

  1. Data are presented as n (%) or median (range).
  2. Abbreviations: COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; LOS: Length of stay; M: Median; MFI: Municipality Family Income; PSI: Pneumonia Severity Index.; RC: Risk Class.
  3. Notes: a Only underlying diseases with different distribution between two groups of municipality family income, educational level or social class are listed.
  4. b Only 405 patients in whom blood cultures were made were evaluated.
  5. c In order to evaluate readmission, deaths during hospitalization were excluded.