Table 3 Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and urban-rural prevalence of hypertension
From: Epidemic of hypertension in Ghana: a systematic review
Study references | Population type | Mean Age in years | Prevalence ≥140/90 | Crude Prevalence ≥160/95 | Mean systolic BP | Mean diastolic BP | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | urban | rural | urban | rural | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total |
Urban public servants | nr | 8.0 | nr | 8.0 | - | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
rural | nrk | nr | nr | - | 4.5 | 123.8 ± 19.7 | 122.0 ± 21.0 | 122.5 | 69.2 ± 13.5 | 68.8 ± 12.7 | 69 | |
urban | nrl | 25.5 | - | 13.1 | - | 127.7 ± 18.7 | 124.6 ± 20.2 | 125.9 ± 9.6 | 80.5 ± 13.0 | 78.9 ± 13.9 | 79.6 ± 13.6 | |
urban | nr | nr | nr | 13.0 | - | 133.6 ± 19.9 | 136.7 ± 22.9 | 135.2 ± 21.4 | 85.5 ± 11.3 | 86.1 ± 13.4 | 85.8 ± 12.4 | |
Hesse 1998 [30] | Urban Prison | officers = 39.8 ± 9.5; prisoners = 31.1 ± 10.3 | nr | nr | officers = 36.4; prisoners = 2.9 | - | officers = 140.9 ± 25.1; prisoners = 123.3 ± 14.4 | - | nr | officers = 91.3 ± 16.7; prisoners = 77.2 ± 10.4 | - | nr |
Amoah 2003 [33] | Rural; urban | 44.3 ± 14.7 | nr | nr | nr | nr | 129.0 ± 22.2 | 128.9 ± 26.7 | 128.9 ± 25.0 | 75.1 ± 13.0 | 74.7 ± 14.1 | 74.9 ± 13.7 |
Addo et al 2006 [27] | rural | 42.4 ± 18.6 | - | 25.4 | nr | 15.2 | 125.4 ± 20.9 | 128.5 ± 27.6 | 127.5 ± 25.8 | 74.5 ± 14.2 | 73.9 ± 14.4 | 74.0 ± 14.3 |
Burket 2006 [35] | rural | 41.8 h | - | 32.8 | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr |
Rural; semi-urban | 54.7 ± 11.3 | 32.9 | 24.1 | nr | nr | 126.3 ± 24.4 | 125.1 ± 27.0 | 125.5 ± 26.1 | 75.8 ± 13.7 | 73.5 ± 13.5 | 74.4 ± 13.6 | |
Escalona et al 2004 [18] | urban | nr | 26.8 | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr |
Urban women | 46.8 ± 18.0 | 48.0 | - | nr | nr | - | upright: 139.4 ± 27.5; supine 141.2 ± 28.0 mmHg | upright: 139.4 ± 27.5; supine 141.2 ± 28.0 mmHg | - | upright: 86.4 ± 15.1; supine 87.6 ± 15.3 mmHg | upright: 86.4 ± 15.1; supine 87.6 ± 15.3 mmHg | |
Rural; urban | 35.9 | 31.1 | 27.0 | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | |
Addo et al 2008 [31] | Urban civil servants | 44.0 ± 10.1 | 30.2 | - | nr | nr | 131.5 | 121.5 | 128.5 | 80.0 | 77.0 | 79.0 |
Owiredu et al 2008 [19] | Urban church attendees | 41.6 ± 13.4 | SBP = 24.0; DBP = 20.6 | - | nr | nr | 117.1 ± 15.7 | 126.4 ± 21.8 | 123.6 ± 20.5 | 72.9 ± 10.3 | 77.7 ± 13.5 | 76.2 ± 12.8 |
Kunutsor & Powles 2009 [34] | rural | 37.8 ± 14.1 |  | 19.2 |  |  | 124.3 ± 18.7 | 122.1 ± 22.0 | 122.9 ± 20.9 | 69.9 ± 12.1 | 72.1 ± 12.4 | 71.3 ± 12.3 |
Mensa-Wilmot 2003 [26] | rural | 36.0 ± 14.6i | nr | SBP = 6.2; DBP = 4.5 | nr | nr | mean SPB in 45+y group = 119.9 ± 17.6 | mean SPB in 45+y group = 116.1 ± 15.8 | All ages = 113; mean SPB in 45+y group = 117.6 ± 16.6 | Mean DPB in 45+y group = 78.3 ± 13.5 | Mean SPB in 45+y group = 74.5 ± 10.7 | All ages = 73.7; Mean DPB in 45+y group = 76.0 ± 18.0 |
Akufo 2008 [25] | urban factory workers | 34.5j | 22.0 | - | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr |