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Improved resistance to pests, disease and herbicides; for instance, destruction by common agricultural pests and diseases, such as nematodes, insects, fungal, bacterial viruses, or parasitic weeds.
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Potential human health impacts; for instance, allergens, transfer of antibiotic resistance, and unknown effects
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Improved yields, taste, quality or nutritional value; for instance biofortification with essential vitamins (eg A, C or K) or minerals (eg folic acid or beta carotene).
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Potential environmental impacts; for instance, unknown effects on other organisms, unintended transfer of transgenes through cross-pollination and the loss of flora and fauna biodiversity
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Improved tolerance to environmental stresses including prolonged drought, high salinity, increased rainfall or increased temperatures.
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Potential loss of access and intellectual property; for instance, the foreign exploitation of natural resources, the dependence of a developing country on a developed country, or the dominance of world food production by one or a few multinational companies
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Improved tolerance of reduced growing seasons so that crops need a shorter growing season while providing the same level of production.
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Ethical issues, such as tampering with nature by mixing genes between species, objections to consuming animal genes in plants and vice versa, or violating natual organisms' intrinsic values
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labelling issues; mixing non-GM with GM crops may compromise seed or food
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