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Table 1 Serum cotinine geometric means (95% confidence interval) for nonsmokers in United States populations 2001-2006

From: Recent trends in exposure to secondhand smoke in the United States population

Geometric means of serum cotinine (ng/mL)

NHANES

2001-2002

NHANES

2003-2004

NHANES

2005-2006

Pvalue

Overall

0.06

(0.05, 0.07)

0.07

(0.06, 0.09)

0.05

(0.05, 0.06)

0.12

Overall - Undetected

0.018

(0.016, 0.020)

0.018

(0.017, 0.020)

0.019

(0.018, 0.020)

0.75

Age: (years)

    

   4-11

0.11

(0.07, 0.15)

0.14

(0.07, 0.20)

0.08

(0.06, 0.10)

0.05

4-11 - Undetected

0.018

(0.015, 0.020)

0.018

(0.017, 0.020)

0.018

(0.018, 0.020)

0.84

   12-19

0.09

(0.05, 0.12)

0.11

(0.08, 0.14)

0.08

(0.06, 0.10)

0.08

12-19 - Undetected

0.018

(0.016, 0.020)

0.018

(0.017, 0.020)

0.19

(0.018, 0.021)

0.59

   20+

0.05

(0.04, 0.06)

0.06

(0.04, 0.07)

0.05

(0.04, 0.05)

0.29

20+ - Undetected

0.018

(0.016, 0.020)

0.018

(0.017, 0.020)

0.19

(0.018, 0.020)

0.79

Gender

    

   Male

0.07

(0.05, 0.09)

0.09

(0.07, 0.10)

0.07

(0.06, 0.07)

0.08

Male - Undetected

0.019

(0.016, 0.021)

0.020

(0.019, 0.021)

0.020

(0.019, 0.021)

0.51

   Female

0.05

(0.04, 0.06)

0.06

(0.05, 0.07)

0.05

(0.04, 0.06)

0.22

Female - Undetected

0.018

(0.016, 0.019)

0.017

(0.016, 0.019)

0.018

(0.017, 0.019)

0.88

Race/ethnicity:

    

   Non-Hispanic White

0.05

(0.04, 0.06)

0.07

(0.05, 0.08)

0.05

(0.04, 0.06)

0.14

Non-Hispanic White - Undetected

0.018

(0.016, 0.020)

0.018

(0.017, 0.019)

0.19

(0.018, 0.020)

0.66

   Non-Hispanic Black

0.16

(0.13, 0.19)

0.14

(0.10, 0.19)

0.11

(0.09, 0.15)

0.11

Non-Hispanic Black - Undetected

0.23

(0.020, 0.030)

0.22

(0.020, 0.024)

0.22

(0.021, 0.024)

0.88

   Mexican American

0.06

(0.04, 0.08)

0.05

(0.04, 0.07)

0.05

(0.04, 0.06)

0.40

Mexican American - Undetected

0.18

(0.017, 0.020)

0.18

(0.016, 0.020)

0.17

0.016, 0.019)

0.55