A survey in rural China of parent-absence through migrant working: the impact on their children's self-concept and loneliness

Table 3 The differences of loneliness and self-concept between the "absent migrant parents"^a children and comparison^b children

Factors	"Absent migrant parents" group (mean ± SD score)	Comparison group (mean ± SD score)	P value
Childhood Loneliness Scale ^c	29.85 ± 7.54	27.98 ± 8.52	.001
Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale
Behavior^d	10.73 ± 2.77	11.98 ± 2.70	< .001
Intellectual and school status^e	8.25 ± 3.09	8.97 ± 3.44	.001
Physical appearance and attributes^f	6.41 ± 2.56	6.47 ± 2.97	.745
Anxiety^g	8.64 ± 3.25	9.33 ± 2.92	.003
Popularity^h	8.19 ± 1.30	8.51 ± 1.83	.001
Happiness and satisfactionⁱ	6.69 ± 1.89	7.17 ± 2.19	.002
Total score^j	47.91 ± 11.97	51.42 ± 12.62	.002

NOTE: ^aN = 216; ^bN = 240; ^cScore ranged from 16 to 80, with higher scores indicating higher degrees of loneliness; ^dScore ranged from 0 to 16, with higher scores indicating fewer problems in behavior; ^e Score ranged from 0 to 17, with higher scores indicating fewer problems in intellectual and school status; ^fScore ranged from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating fewer problems in physical appearance and attributes; ^gScore ranged from 0 to 14, with higher scores indicating fewer problems in anxiety; ^hScore ranged from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating fewer problems in popularity; ⁱScore ranged from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating fewer problems in happiness and satisfaction; ^jScore ranged from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating better self-concept

ISSN: 1471-2458