Population Attributable Fraction of Smoking and Metabolic Syndrome on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Japan: a 15-Year Follow Up of NIPPON DATA90

Table 4 Hazard ratio and population attributable fraction for cardiovascular disease deaths according to the combination of smoking status and metabolic syndrome: NIPPON DATA90.

	Metabolic syndrome*	Number of participants	Person-years of follow-up	CVD deaths (n)	CVD mortality rate (per 1,000 person-years)	Adjusted hazard ratio( 95% CI) †			Estimated excess CVD deaths (n)	PAF component for CVD deaths (%)
Men
Non smoker	-	480	6817	6	0.88	1.00
	+	76	1109	1	0.90	1.32	(0.16	-10.97)	0.2	0.3
Past smoker	-	494	7036	18	2.56	2.13	(0.84	- 5.39)	9.5	11.0
	+	107	1494	3	2.01	1.49	(0.37	- 6.01)	1.0	1.1
Smoker	-	1343	18620	50	2.69	3.47	(1.48	- 8.12)	35.6	40.9
	+	252	3437	9	2.62	3.19	(1.13	- 9.03)	6.2	7.1
Women
Non smoker	-	3,034	43585	38	0.87	1.00
	+	397	5631	8	1.42	0.83	(0.38	- 1.78)	--	--
Past smoker	-	81	1042	1	0.96	1.06	(0.15	- 7.81)	0.05	0.1
	+	13	184	1	5.45	2.98	(0.41	-21.79)	0.6	1.1
Smoker	-	336	4627	10	2.16	3.63	(1.75	- 7.50)	7.2	11.9
	+	37	486	3	6.17	4.94	(1.52	-16.09)	2.4	3.9

*Metabolic syndrome were defined as follows: obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²) plus any two of the following three factors: high blood pressure as blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or on treatment of hypertension, high blood glucose as blood glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl or on treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia as triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl or high density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl or on treatment of dyslipidemia.
†Hazard ratios were adjusted for age and drinking.
CVD, cardiovascular diseases; PAF, population attributable fraction; CI, confidence interval.

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