Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Males

2644 (48.7%)

Race/ethnicity

   - Mexican American

1226 (22.6%)

   - Non Hispanic White

2740 (50.5%)

   - Non Hispanic Black

1072 (19.8%)

   - Other

388 (7.2%)

BMI (Kg/m²)

27.5 (7.4)

Smokers

2649 (48.8%)

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

98 (35)

Chronic kidney disease

447 (8.2%)

UACR (mg/g)

6.7 (9.3)

Albuminuria

772 (14.2%)

Blood Cd (mcg/L)

0.40 (0.38)

Urinary Cd (mcg/g)

0.29 (0.35)