Table 4 Predictors of infant undernutrition at 6 months of age in Butajira Birth cohort, Ethiopia (n = 873)*
| Â | Underweight | Stunting | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N (%) or Mean(SD) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | N (%) or Mean(SD) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Feeding practices individually adjusted for full model | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Non-exclusive breast-feeding at 2 months | 142 (16.5) | 0.95(0.61,1.48) | 0.94(0.57,1.53) | 144(16.8) | 0.98(0.65,1.47) | 0.80(0.51,1.24) |
No pre-lacteal food | 810 (95.3) | 0.97(0.45,2.07) | 1.08(0.44,2.63) | 806(95.3) | 1.12(0.54,2.32) | 1.21(0.54,2.72) |
Colostrums not given | 160 (18.8) | 1.50(1.02,2.22) | 1.06(0.67,1.66) | 160(18.9) | 0.87(0.59,1.30) | 0.85(0.55,1.31) |
Breast feeding delayed for 1 hour | 576 (67.8) | 1.53(1.06,2.21) | 1.40(0.93,2.12) | 574(67.8) | 1.14(0.82,1.58) | 1.13(0.79,1.63) |
Fully adjusted model | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Characteristics of mother | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age (years) | 26.8(6.2) | 1.01(0.99,1.04) | 1.01(0.97,1.05) | 26.9(6.2) | 1.00(0.97,1.02) | 0.99(0.96,1.03) |
Height (metres) | 1.58(0.06) | 0.99(0.97,1.02) | 1.00(0.97,1.03) | 1.58(0.06) | 1.01(0.98,1.03) | 1.00(0.98,1.03) |
Mid upper arm circumference (cm) | 24.7(2.1) | 0.88(0.81,0.96) | 0.87(0.80,0.96) | 24.7(2.1) | 0.95(0.88,1.02) | 0.94(0.87,1.02) |
Being in polygamous marriage | 153 (17.9) | 1.01(0.67,1.54) | 0.89(0.52,1.54) | 153(17.7) | 0.98(0.66,1.45) | 1.06(0.64,1.76) |
Autonomy scale (0-5) | 1.1(1.9) | 1.01(0.93,1.10) | 1.06(0.96,1.17) | 1.1(1.9) | 1.07(0.99,1.16) | 1.11(1.02,1.21) |
Use khat and/or alcohol | 101(11.7) | 0.76(0.44,1.29) | 0.84(0.47,1.52) | 100(11.6) | 0.90(0.56,1.46) | 1.15(0.69,1.93) |
Had at least one obstetric complication | 534(63.9) | 0.82(0.59,1.15) | 0.97(0.66,1.42) | 532(63.9) | 0.82(0.60,1.12) | 0.86(0.61,1.21) |
Household characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Urban residence | 124 (14.4) | 0.45(0.26, 0.80) | 0.54(0.23,1.27) | 123(14.3) | 1.06(0.69,1.62) | 0.54(0.27,1.09) |
Number of under 5 children: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 | 174 (20.1) | 1 | 1 | 176(20.4) | 1 | 1 |
   1 | 447 (51.7) | 0.76(0.50, 1.15) | 0.54(0.33,0.89) | 445(51.7) | 1.00(0.68,1.48) | 0.95(0.60,1.51) |
   ≥ 2 | 243 (28.1) | 0.83(0.53, 1.31) | 0.73(0.43,1.27) | 240(27.9) | 0.92(0.59,1.42) | 0.99(0.59,1.66) |
Age of father in years | 36.1(8.8) | 1.02(1.00,1.04) | 1.03(1.00,1.06) | 36.0(8.9) | 1.00(0.98,1.02) | 1.01(0.98,1.04) |
Poverty index (0 - 11) | 7.3(2.0) | 1.02(1.02,1.22) | 0.97(0.85,1.11) | 7.3(2.0) | 0.96(0.89,1.03) | 0.94(0.83,1.06) |
Poor sanitary condition (0 -3) | 1.5(1.0) | 1.46(1.23,1.74) | 1.35(1.09,1.68) | 1.5(1.0) | 0.97(0.83,1.13) | 0.96(0.79,1.16) |
Level of social support (0 - 4) | 1.1(1.1) | 1.01(0.87,1.18) | 1.00(0.84,1.18) | 1.1(1.1) | 1.00(0.86,1.15) | 1.00(0.86,1.16) |
Characteristics of index child | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female gender | 422 (48.8) | 0.53(0.38,0.74) | 0.49(0.34,0.71) | 420(48.8) | 0.46(0.33,0.63) | 0.40(0.28,0.56) |
Not immunised at two months | 352 (40.8) | 0.95(0.68,1.32) | 0.93(0.64,1.34) | 351(40.9) | 0.72(0.53,0.99) | 0.71(0.51,1.00) |
Severe illness in the first 2 months | 184 (21.4) | 1.12(0.76,1.65) | 0.90(0.58,1.40) | 184(21.4) | 1.18(0.82,1.69) | 1.03(0.69,1.53) |
Birth weight: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Normal (> = 2500 g) | 530 (61.3) | 1 | 1 | 527(61.2) | 1 | 1 |
   Low (<2500 g) | 45 (5.2) | 4.09(2.19,7.61) | 4.12(2.06,8.21) | 44(5.1) | 1.57(0.80,3.05) | 1.69(0.81,3.50) |
   Not measured | 289 (33.5) | 0.96(0.67,1.37) | 0.98(0.66,1.46) | 290(33.7) | 1.63(1.18,2.24) | 1.50(1.06,2.13) |