Table 5 Adjusted Odds Ratios for borderline or abnormal mental difficulties (based on the SDQ-Total Difficulties Score)

parental education ^b

- high^a

1.0

1.0

1.0

- middle

3.1 (1.4 - 7.0)

1.3 (0.7 - 2.5)

1.9 (1.1 - 3.1)

- low

2.3 (0.9 - 6.1)

1.9 (1.0 - 3.7)

2.0 (1.2 - 3.5)

household income ^c

- high^a

1.0

1.0

1.0

- middle

1.0 (0.4 - 2.9)

2.2 (0.9 - 5.1)

1.6 (0.8 - 3.1)

- low

1.7 (0.5 - 5.4)

1.7 (0.6 - 4.9)

1.7 (0.8 - 3.6)

- not indicated

0.9 (0.3 - 2.3)

1.9 (0.8 - 4.1)

1.4 (0.8 - 2.5)

parental working status ^d

- not unemployed^a

1.0

1.0

1.0

- unemployed

1.0 (0.4 - 2.5)

1.4 (0.7 - 2.9)

1.2 (0.7 - 2.1)

nationality ^e

- (exclusively) German^a

1.0

1.0

1.0

- others

1.4 (0.7 - 3.0)

1.5 (0.8 - 2.6)

1.5 (0.9 - 2.4)

single parenthood ^f

- others^a

1.0

1.0

1.0

- single parent

2.2 (0.9 - 5.0)

1.2 (0.6 - 2.5)

1.6 (0.9 - 2.8)