Table 2 Cut-off criteria in the baseline questionnaire and in the professional screening intervention for selected at-risk pupils referral to clinical assessment
From: Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE): a randomized controlled trial
Theme | Cut-off value/threshold value | Risky and self-injurious behavior is diagnosed when | |
|---|---|---|---|
Depression (BDI) | BDI-score ≥ 14; depending on the responses, from 0 to 3 points are assigned (cf. manual) and added. | A BDI score of ≥ 14 is obtained. | |
Anxiety (ZUNG) | ZUNG-score ≥ 45; depending on the responses, from 1 to 4 points are assigned and added. | A ZUNG score of ≥ 45 is obtained. | |
Suicidal Ideation and Attempts | PAYKEL Scale | The cut-off of at least one single item is obtained. | |
| Â | Â | Yes/No response: previous suicide attempt. | 'Yes' is the response given. |
Non-suicidal self-injury | Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) | A sum of ≥ 2 is obtained and all points must therefore be added. | |
Eating behavior | Both responses are needed to calculate the BMI score. | The BMI score is less than 16.5. | |
Sensation-seeking and delinquent behaviors | Yes/No response: riding with someone who has been drinking. | The sum of ≥ 3 for the theme 'risk behavior' is obtained. All points must therefore be added. | |
| Â | Â | Yes/No response: skateboarding or riding roller-blades in traffic and without a helmet. | Â |
| Â | Â | Yes/No response: subway cart jumping, or held on the back of a moving vehicle. | Â |
| Â | Â | Yes/No response: visiting known areas that are dangerous during night. | Â |
| Â | Â | Sexual Promiscuity Unprotected Sex | Â |
Substance abuse | Tobacco | Tobacco Use (lifetime measure) | 'Yes' is the response given to tobacco use, and 2 cigarettes per day or more for tobacco consumption frequency. |
| Â | Â | Tobacco Consumption Frequency | Â |
| Â | Alcohol | Alcohol Consumption Frequency (12-month measure) | 2 times per week or more |
| Â | Â | Alcohol Consumption Amount (12-month measure) | 3 or more drinks in a typical drinking day |
| Â | Â | Alcohol Intoxication (lifetime measure) | 3 times or more |
| Â | Â | Alcohol Hangover (lifetime measure) | 3 times or more |
| Â | Illegal drugs | Illicit Drug Consumption (lifetime measure) | 3 times or more |
Exposure to media | Media Exposure Frequency | Option 4, 5 or 6 is ticked, i.e. a pupil spends at least 'five to six hours per day' watching television, playing computer games etc. | |
Social relationships | Loneliness Frequency (12-month measure) | Option 4 ('most of the time') or 5 ('always') is checked. | |
Bullying | Peer Victimization (12-month measure) | The sum of ≥ 5 is obtained. All response options must therefore be added. | |
School attendance | Truancy (2-week measure) | Option 3, 4 or 5 is ticked, i.e. respondents have missed three or more days of school or class without permission. | |