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Table 1 Factors associated to early menarche in 1 072 girls aged 15 years. Univariate analysis.

From: Factors associated with early menarche: results from the French Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study

 

Early menarche

(N = 57)

n (%)

Menarche ≥ 11 y.

(N = 1 015)

n (%)

OR (95%CI)

p value*

Familial environment

    

Family structure

    

   traditional

31 (54.4)

739 (72.9)

1

0.004

   other family structure

26 (45.6)

275 (27.1)

2.3 (1.3-3.9)

 

Parental employment

    

   at least one parent working

54 (94.7)

937 (92.9)

1

0.590

   none

3 (5.3)

72 (7.1)

1.4 (0.4-4.5)

 

FAS

    

   medium to high

43 (76.8)

881 (87.4)

1

0.026

   low

13 (23.2)

127 (12.6)

2.1 (1.1-4.0)

 

School experience

    

School results

    

   average to higher

42 (73.7)

815 (80.6)

1

0.186

   below average

15 (26.3)

196 (19.4)

1.5 (0.8-2.7)

 

Liking school

    

   yes

32 (58.2)

605 (59.8)

1

0.812

   no

23 (41.8)

407 (40.2)

1.1 (0.6-1.9)

 

Peers acceptance

    

   high

33 (57.9)

754 (74.7)

1

0.008

   low

24 (42.1)

255 (25.3)

2.2 (1.2-3.8)

 

Risk behaviours

    

Daily smoking

    

   no

39 (76.5)

816 (84.0)

1

0.139

   yes

12 (23.5)

155 (16.0)

1.6 (0.9-3.1)

 

Life drunkenness episodes

    

   <2

35 (63.6)

810 (82.4)

1

0.001

   ≥2

20 (36.4)

173 (17.6)

2.7 (1.5-4.6)

 

Life cannabis use

    

   <3 episodes

44 (78.6)

852 (86.5)

1

0.108

   ≥3 episodes

12 (21.4)

133 (13.5)

1.8 (0.9-3.5)

 

Sexual initiation <15 years

    

   no or not yet

37 (71.1)

856 (88.9)

1

0.001

   yes

15 (28.9)

107 (11.1)

3.2 (1.7-6.3)

 

Physical and psychological factors

    

Self-reported BMI

    

   normal or thin

39 (70.9)

911 (93.0)

1

<0.001

   overweight or obese

16 (29.1)

68 (7.0)

5.5 (2.9-10.6)

 

Body image

    

   normal or thin

21 (36.8)

579 (57.1)

1

0.004

   overweight or obese

36 (63.2)

435 (42.9)

2.3 (1.3-4.0)

 

Diet use

    

   no

39 (68.4)

825 (82.1)

1

0.023

   yes

18 (31.6)

180 (17.9)

2.1 (1.1-4.0)

 

Self-rated health

    

   good

37 (64.9)

807 (79.8)

1

0.011

   bad

20 (35.1)

204 (20.2)

2.1 (1.2-3.8)

 

Life assessment

    

   high

39 (68.4)

781 (77.4)

1

0.137

   low

18 (31.6)

228 (22.6)

1.6 (0.9-2.9)

 

Recurrent health complaints

    

   no

16 (28.1)

489 (48.3)

1

0.005

   yes

41 (71.9)

524 (51.7)

2.4 (1.3-4.4)

 
  1. Abbreviations: FAS = Family Affluence Scale; BMI = Body Mass Index; OR = Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval
  2. *χ2-test or Fisher's exact test where necessary
  3. All analysis took into account the sampling strategy