Road traffic crash circumstances and consequences among young unlicensed drivers: A Swedish cohort study on socioeconomic disparities

Table 2 Percentage and Chi-square values with p-values of characteristics and circumstances of RTC involving a young driver stratified by license status, 1998 to 2004 (n = 21 386)

	Licensed n = 19864	Unlicensed n = 1522	Chisq value	Degrees of freedom	P-value for chisq
Sex
Male	72.50	85.09	114.7	1	<.0001
Female	27.50	14.91
Suspected impaired driving
Yes	4.54	43.72	2571.0	1	<.0001
No	95.46	56.28
Injury outcome for the young driver involved in the crash¹
Fatal	0.01	18.97	3842.2	3	<.0001
Severe injury	10.22	16.44
Minor injury	57.19	45.41
No injury	32.59	19.17
Most serious injury outcome for other persons involved in the crash²
Fatal	1.19	20.76	2215.8	2	<.0001
Severe injury	17.42	21.81
Minor injury	81.39	57.42
Speed restriction limit
50 km/hour or less	45.65	41.98	6.9	2	0.0324
70 km/hour	26.94	27.92
90 km/hour or more	27.41	30.10
Time of day
0600-1859	67.70	44.15	552.5	2	<.0001
1900-2259	18.25	18.97
2300-0559	14.05	36.88
Light conditions
Daylight	57.98	41.16	161.2	2	<.0001
Darkness	33.83	47.54
Dusk/dawn	8.19	11.30
Weather conditions
Dry (fair)	79.82	82.27	15.1	4	0.0046
Haze	2.72	3.56
Rain	11.78	10.20
Sleet	1.82	1.51
Snow	3.85	2.46
Road surface conditions
Dry	54.11	58.91	25.7	4	<.0001
Wet/damp	29.24	29.08
Thick ice/packed snow	3.44	2.46
Thin ice	7.68	6.21
Light snow/snow slush	5.54	3.34
Urbanicity of crash site
Urban area	52.61	46.98	17.8	1	<.0001
Rural area	47.39	53.02

¹ Injury outcomes for the young driver were classified into four categories: (1) no physical injury; (2) minor injury not requiring hospital care; (3) serious injury requiring hospital care; and (4) fatality.
² The most serious injury to other persons involved in the crash were classified thus: (1) no or minor injury not requiring hospital care; (2) serious injury requiring hospital care; and (3) fatality.

ISSN: 1471-2458