Table 4 Overview of the Measurements before and after the Intervention

Nutrition and health knowledge

Questionnaires

Puerperium diet and lifestyle

   Diet patterns

24-hour dietary recording and FFQ

   Health-related behaviors

Questionnaires

   Physical activities

Questionnaires

Assessment of nutritional status

   Macronutrients intake (protein, lipid and carbohydrate, and dietary fiber from cereals, sugar, vegetables, fruits, meat, eggs, milk, soybeans, etc.)

24-hour dietary recording and FFQ, which include both food categories and amount

   Micronutrients intake

Vitamins

HPLC for vitamin A and vitamin D, load test for B vitamins and vitamin C

Minierals

AAS for serum calcium, iron and zinc

   Nutrient Metabolism

Blood glucose and lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides

Automatic biochemical analyzer

Postpartum recovery and health status

   Anthropometric measurements, including height, body weight, and BMI

BMI = body weight (kg)/height (m²)

   Body recovery, including duration for lochia, amount and duration of postpartum hemorrhage, degree of uterine involution

Diagnosis by specialized obstetricians

   Diseases prevalence, including puerperal infection, fever, constipation, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, breast disease, oral ulcers, gum bleeding, anemia, pains (headache, heel pain, back pain, leg pain, joint pain, leg cramps, etc.)

Diagnosis by specialized doctors

   Postpartum depression

Assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

Milk secretion and neo development

Assessed by specialized doctors