Table 1 The demographic characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

41.0 (28.0, 56.0)

46.0 (32.0, 57.0)

< 0.001

Gender (%)

< 0.001

 Female

53.4

68.8

 Male

46.6

31.2

Race (%)

0.263

 Non-Hispanic White

69.2

69.7

 Non-Hispanic Black

12.8

13.4

 Mexican American

5.6

4.2

 Other Hispanic

5.5

5.2

 Other Race—Including Multi-Racial

6.9

7.5

Education (%)

0.156

 Below high school

14.3

14.8

 High School

22.6

19.9

 Above high school

63.1

65.3

BMI (kg/m²)

27.8 (24.0, 33.2)

30.4 (25.2, 36.0)

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

97.3 (85.9, 110.4)

102.6 (89.3, 115.5)

< 0.001

Diabetes (%)

< 0.001

 No

90.8

86.5

 Yes

9.2

13.5

Smoking (%)

0.137

 No

51.8

49.0

 Yes

48.2

51.0

Drinking (%)

0.025

 No

90.3

87.8

 Yes

9.7

12.2