Prevalence, associated risk factors; and patient and economic impact of multiple sensory impairment in a multi-ethnic elderly population in Singapore: the PIONEER study

Table 5 Associations between laterality of multiple sensory impairments and patient-centered outcomes

Outcomes	Exposure	Coefficient (95% CI)^a	P-value^b	Change (%)
HRQoL	None	Reference
	Unilateral/Combination MSI	β: -0.02 (-0.05, 0.01)	0.178	-2.1
	Bilateral MSI	β: -0.05 (-0.09, -0.01)	0.012	-5.5
Life space mobility	None	Reference
	Unilateral/Combination MSI	β: -0.24 (-0.47, -0.01)	0.044	-5.4
	Bilateral MSI	β: -0.46 (-0.78, -0.13)	0.006	-10.8
Low IADL	None	Reference
	Unilateral/Combination MSI	OR: 3.25 (1.15, 9.19)	0.026	53.4
	Bilateral MSI	OR: 3.45 (1.13, 10.59)	0.03	55
Falls	None	Reference
	Unilateral/Combination MSI	OR: 0.66 (0.32, 1.35)	0.255	-35.4
	Bilateral MSI	OR: 0.71 (0.30, 1.66)	0.431	-27.8
Hospitalization	None	Reference
	Unilateral/Combination MSI	OR: 2.14 (0.31, 15.03)	0.444	48.8
	Bilateral MSI	OR: 3.64 (0.44, 30.19)	0.231	66.7
Sarcopenia	None	Reference
	Unilateral/Combination MSI	OR: 2.27 (1.00, 5.14)	0.051	26.8
	Bilateral MSI	OR: 2.07 (0.85, 5.04)	0.11	24.5
Frailty	None	Reference
	Unilateral/Combination MSI	OR: 1.28 (0.63, 2.59)	0.499	9
	Bilateral MSI	OR: 1.81 (0.84, 3.91)	0.132	19.2

β(s) were from normal regression models and ORs were from logistic regression models
Abbreviations: MSI multiple sensory impairments, HRQoL health-related quality of life, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
^aAdjusted for age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, living alone, smoking status, alcohol frequency, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and polypharmacy
^bP-values were calculated from Wald test

ISSN: 1471-2458