Risk Factors | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted Model | Full Model | Final Modela | P-valueb | |
Age | 1.30 (1.24, 1.37) | 1.33 (1.24, 1.43) | 1.33 (1.25, 1.42) | < 0.001 |
Sex (Male) | 2.05 (1.33, 3.16) | 2.41 (1.15, 5.05) | 2.84 (1.43, 5.65) | 0.003 |
Race | ||||
 Chinese | Reference | Reference | - |  |
 Malay | 1.34 (1.24, 1.45) | 1.37 (0.58, 3.21) | - |  |
 Indian | 1.77 (0.81, 3.89) | 1.16 (0.50, 2.69) | - |  |
Low SES | 9.71 (3.86, 24.41) | 8.21 (2.31, 29.22) | 6.15 (2.06, 18.35) | 0.001 |
Living alone | 2.81 (1.10, 7.15) | 1.07 (0.29, 3.90) | - | Â |
BMI | ||||
 BMI < 18.5 | 0.74 (0.30, 1.85) | 0.50 (0.10, 2.45) | - |  |
 18.5 ≤ BMI < 23 | Reference | Reference | - |  |
 BMI ≥ 23 | 0.89 (0.57, 1.40) | 0.94 (0.43, 2.07) | - |  |
Multimorbidity | 2.74 (1.71, 4.39) | 0.91 (0.44, 1.86) | - | Â |
Polypharmacy | 3.07 (1.60, 5.89) | 1.50 (0.57, 3.92) | - | Â |
Current smoker | 1.48 (0.65, 3.36) | 5.85 (1.66, 20.67) | 4.91 (1.60, 15.01) | 0.005 |
Alcohol frequency | ||||
 None | Reference | Reference | Reference |  |
 ≤ 4 days per week | 0.54 (0.26, 1.10) | 0.26 (0.08, 0.85) | 0.35 (0.12, 1.02) | 0.054 |
 > 4 days per week | 1.14 (0.25, 5.18) | 3.25 (0.55, 19.37) | 2.77 (0.50, 15.46) | 0.246 |