Table 4 Parameter estimation of Bayesian quantile regression of under-five children BMI in Ethiopia

Parameters

\(\upbeta\)(CI)

\({\varvec{\upbeta}}\)(CI)

\({\varvec{\upbeta}}\)(CI)

\({\varvec{\upbeta}}\)(CI)

\({\varvec{\upbeta}}\)(CI)

\({\varvec{\upbeta}}\)(CI)

Intercept

12.91 [12.57, 13.25]c^a

14.56 [14.23, 14.92]^a

16.00 [15.60, 16.41]^a

17.08 [16.71, 17.46]^a

17.66 [17.24, 18.07]^a

19.01 [18.53, 19.49]^a

Current Age of Children (AGE)

-0.007 [-0.01, -0.004]^a

-0.024[-0.027,-0.02]^a

-0.03 [-0.04, -0.02]^a

-0.04 [-0.043 -0.03]^a

-0.046 [-0.05, -0.04]^a

-0.055 [-0.06, -0.05]^a

Duration of Breastfeeding (Ref. ever and not currently breastfed)

 never breastfed (BF1)

-0.13 [-0.34, 0.12]

-0.23 [-0.43, -0.04]^a

-0.20 [-0.38, -0.02]^a

-0.12 [-0.30 0.05]

-0.17 [-0.36, 0.04]

0.045 [-0.21, 0.31]

 still breastfeeding (BF2)

-0.01 [-0.15, 0.12]

-0.11 [-0.22, 0.01]

-0.14 [-0.26, -0.03]^a

-0.15 [-0.27, -0.03]^a

-0.19 [-0.32, -0.06]^a

-0.25 [-0.41, -0.10]^a

Number of Household Members (Ref. less than or equal to four)

 Five to nine (HS1)

-0.22 [-0.31, -0.12]^a

-0.10 [-0.19, -0.006]^a

-0.04 [-0.15, 0.05]

-0.06 [-0.16 0.03]

-0.044 [-0.157, 0.06]

-0.10 [-0.23, 0.02]

 Greater than or equal to ten (HS2)

-0.17 [-0.37, 0.01]

-0.25 [-0.44, -0.08]^a

-0.04 [-0.23, 0.14]

0.01 [-0.16, 0.18]

0.03 [-0.18, 0.24]

0.22 [-0.019 0.48]

 Maternal Age (MA)

0.01 [0.005, 0.02]^a

0.011 [0.005, 0.018]^a

0.008 [0.001, 0.01]^a

0.0086 [0.001, 0.01]^a

0.012 [0.005, 0.02]^a

0.02 [0.011, 0.029]^a

Maternal Education (Ref. No formal education)

 Primary education(ME1)

0.19 [0.08, 0.29]^a

0.03 [-0.06, 0.13]

0.08 [-0.01, 0.17]

-0.004 [-0.10, 0.09]

0.004 [-0.09, 0.10]

-0.016 [-0.15, 0.12]

 Secondary and Above (ME2)

0.44 [0.29, 0.58]^a

0.18 [0.06, 0.30]^a

0.05 [-0.10; 0.18]

0.04 [-0.10, 0.20]

0.006 [-0.14, 0.17]

0.10 [-0.089, 0.30]

Marital Status (Ref. not married)

 Married (MS1)

-0.008 [-0.13, 0.13]

-0.11 [-0.25, 0.02]

-0.12 [-0.31, 0.04]

-0.05 [-0.19, 0.07]

0.004 [-0.17, 0.18]

-0.36 [-0.61, -0.11]^a

Number of Children Age 5 And Under In Household (Ref. less than two )

 Two (NUFC1)

-0.07 [-0.17, 0.02]

0.07 [-0.01, 0.15]

0.05 [-0.03, 0.14]

0.10 [0.01, 0.20]^a

0.11 (0.02, 0.21)^a

-0.14 [-0.25, -0.03]^a

 Three or more(NUFC2)

0.13 [-0.007, 0.27]

0.05 [-0.07, 0.16]

-0.10 [-0.22, 0.02]

-0.06 [-0.19, 0.06]

-0.02 [-0.17, 0.13]

-0.065 [-0.24, 0.12]

Place of Residence (Ref. Urban)

 Rural (PA1)

0.12 [-0.01, 0.24]

0.25 [0.12, 0.37]^a

0.21 [0.06, 0.34]^a

0.12 [-0.02, 0.27]

0.05 [-0.10, 0.21]

0.16 [-0.0008, 0.33]

Religion (Ref. orthodox)

 Protestant (Rel1)

0.22 [0.07, 0.37]^a

-0.03 [-0.17, 0.10]

-0.16 [-0.31, -0.02]^a

-0.17 [-0.31, -0.02]^a

-0.20 [-0.37, -0.04]^a

-0.49 [-0.67, -0.32]^a

 Muslim (Rel2)

-0.01 [-0.15, 0.10]

-0.05 [-0.18, 0.06]

-0.10 [-0.23, 0.01]

-0.08 [-0.23, 0.06]

-0.14 [-0.30, -0.004]^a

-0.11 [-0.28, 0.046]

 Others (Rel3)

-0.50 [-0.84, -0.15]^a

-0.54 [-0.86, -0.24]^a

-0.63 [-0.91, -0.37]^a

-0.66 [-0.98, -0.34]^a

-0.69 [-1.06, -0.31]^a

-0.663 [-1.07, -0.24]^a

Sex of children (Ref. Male)

Female (sex1)

-0.26 [-0.34, -0.18]^a

-0.25 [-0.32, -0.17]^a

-0.27 [-0.34, -0.19]^a

-0.20 [-0.28, -0.13]^a

-0.14 [-0.22, -0.06]^a

-0.13 [-0.23, -0.03]^a

Type of Birth (Ref. Singleton)

 Multiple (TB1)

0.01 [-0.25, 0.25]

-0.25 [-0.44, -0.04]^a

-0.10 [-0.36, 0.15]

-0.06 [-0.34, 0.18]

-0.15 [-0.36, 0.059]

-0.34 [-0.66, 0.02]

Type of Toilet Facility (Ref. improved toilet)

 Unimproved toilet (toilet1)

0.08 [-0.02, 0.21]

0.02 [-0.09, 0.14]

-0.01 [-0.13, 0.10]

-0.0009 [-0.12, 0.12]

0.06 [-0.07, 0.20]

-0.13 [-0.311, 0.03]

Region (Ref. Tigray)

 Afar (Region2)

-0.32 [-0.57, -0.08]^a

-0.11 [-0.33, 0.10]

-0.16 [-0.38, 0.05]

-0.05 [-0.28, 0.17]

-0.02 [-0.24, 0.21]

0.25 [-0.005, 0.50]

 Amhara (Region3)

-0.13 [-0.35 0.07]

0.06 [-0.11, 0.24]

-0.04 [-0.21, 0.13]

0.08 [-0.10, 0.28]

0.065 [-0.12 0.25]

0.24 [0.05, 0.42]^a

 Oromia (Region4)

0.29 [0.08, 0.49]^a

0.53 [0.34, 0.71]^a

0.64 [0.44, 0.84]^a

0.79 [0.60, 1.00]^a

1.01 [0.82, 1.20]^a

1.35 [1.14, 1.58]^a

 Somalia (Region5)

-0.72 [-0.96, -0.49]^a

-0.52 [-0.74, -0.31]^a

-0.51 [-0.75, -0.28]^a

-0.55 [-0.79, -0.31]^a

-0.62 [-0.83, -0.38]^a

-0.17 [-0.43 0.07]

 Benishangul (Region6)

0.02 [-0.17, 0.23]

0.11 [-0.07, 0.30]

0.01 [-0.20, 0.20]

-0.04 [-0.23, 0.16]

-0.003 [-0.22, 0.22]

0.49 [0.23, 0.75]^a

 SNNPR (Region7)

0.01 [-0.19, 0.21]

0.50 [0.31, 0.69]^a

0.55 [0.35, 0.74]^a

0.57 [0.37, 0.77]^a

0.59 [0.37, 0.81]^a

1.29 [1.02, 1.56]^a

 Gambela (Region8)

-0.48 [-0.69, -0.27]^a

-0.17 [-0.40, 0.04]

-0.14 [-0.37, 0.09]

-0.11 [-0.32, 0.10]

-0.05 [-0.28, 0.17]

0.57 [0.30, 0.85]^a

 Harari (Region9)

0.10 [-0.12, 0.34]

0.40 [0.17, 0.62]^a

0.41 [0.18, 0.62]^a

0.51 [0.27, 0.76]^a

0.61 [0.36, 0.86]^a

1.16 [0.91, 1.40]^a

 Addis Abeba(Region10)

0.35 [0.09, 0.60]^a

0.83 [0.61, 1.06]^a

0.76 [0.52, 0.98]^a

0.84 [0.58, 1.13]^a

0.96 [0.70, 1.26]^a

1.66 [1.38, 1.94]^a

 Dire Dawa (Region11)

-0.18 [-0.40, 0.04]

0.08 [-0.14, 0.31]

-0.03 [-0.25, 0.18]

0.08 [-0.16, 0.33]

0.10 [-0.13, 0.36]

0.44 [0.19, 0.71]^a

Source of Drinking Water (Ref. improved water)

 Un improved water (water1)

-0.02 [-0.11, 0.06]

0.02 [-0.05, 0.10]

0.037 [-0.04, 0.11]

0.029 [-0.05, 0.12]

0.009 [-0.08, 0.10]

0.0009 [-0.10, 0.11]

Wealth Index (Ref. Poorest)

 Poorer (WI1)

0.10 [-0.03, 0.24]

0.18 [0.07, 0.29]^a

0.104 [-0.01, 0.22]

0.07 [-0.05, 0.20]

-0.01 [-0.14 0.13]

-0.06 [-0.21, 0.09]

 Middle (WI2)

0.43 [0.30, 0.56]^a

0.35 [0.22, 0.48]^a

0.16 [0.04, 0.29]^a

0.08 [-0.04, 0.21]

-0.029 [-0.17, 0.12]

-0.003 [-0.18, 0.16]

 Richer (WI3)

0.18 [0.04, 0.33]^a

0.40 [0.26, 0.55]^a

0.44 [0.29, 0.59]^a

0.51 [0.36, 0.66]^a

0.43 [0.26, 0.61]^a

0.436 [0.25, 0.62]^a

 Richest (WI4)

0.37 [0.17, 0.55]^a

0.46 [0.28, 0.63]^a

0.38 [0.19, 0.56]^a

0.28 [0.08, 0.48]^a

0.29 [0.08, 0.51]^a

0.10 [-0.11, 0.32]