Study | Year | Country | Study type | Diagnostic criteria | Test samples | Case group (N) | Control group (N) | Gestational week | LOD(Āµg/L) | Cutoffs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peng | 2015 | China | Retrospective case-control study nested in a cohort | WHO Criteria [34] | Meconium | 137 | 190 | 24ā28 | 0.06Ā Āµg/L | quartile |
Shapiro | 2015 | Canada | Cohort study | Blood | 48 | 1167 | first trimester | 0.22Ā Āµg/L | quartile | |
Ashley-Martin | 2018 | Canada | Cohort study | Urine | 42 | 1049 | first trimester | 0.75Ā Āµg/L | tertile | |
Khan | 2018 | Bangladesh | Cross-sectional study | WHO Criteria [34] | Urine | 31 | 169 | 29.44āĀ±ā3.20 | Not As exposed: ā¤ 0.100Ā mg/L As exposed: > 0.100Ā mg/L | not said |
Marie | 2018 | French | Semiecological study | CNGOF Criteria [37] | Tap water | 286 | 4767 | 24ā28 | Not As exposed: < 10Ā Āµg/L As Exposed: a. Low 10ā30Ā Āµg/L b. High āā„ā30Ā Āµg/L | not said |
MuƱoz | 2018 | Chile | Cross-sectional study | WHO Criteria [34] | Urine | 21 | 223 | 24ā28 | 0.1Ā Āµg/L | tertile |
Xia | 2018 | China | Cohort study | ADA Criteria [38] | Blood | 419 | 2841 | 39.03āĀ±ā1.39 | 0.0047Ā Āµg/L | quartile |
Wang | 2019 | China | Cohort study | ADA Criteria [38] | Blood | 776 | 776 | ā„ā29 | As level: a. Low ā<ā10.64Ā Āµg/L b. Middle 10.64ā21.12Ā Āµg/L c. High āā„ā21.12Ā Āµg/L | tertile |
Wang | 2020 | China | Cohort study | ADA Criteria [38] | Urine | 241 | 1849 | <ā20 | 0.009Ā Āµg/L CAU-As: a. Low ā<ā32.11Ā Āµg/L b. Middle 32.11ā48.11Ā Āµg/L c. High āā„ā48.11Ā Āµg/L | tertile |
Chen | 2021 | America | Case-control study | ADA Criteria [38] | Urine | 64 | 237 | 24ā28 | 1.25Ā Āµg/L | tertile |
Jia | 2021 | China | Retrospective case-control study nested in a cohort | ADA Criteria [38] | Hair | 335 | 343 | <ā20 | 0.011Ā Āµg/L | binary |
Zhang | 2021 | China | Cross-sectional study | MOH Criteria [39] | Urine | 89 | 307 | 24ā28 | 0.2Ā Āµg/L for the As3+, MMA, DMA, and AsB, and 0.5Ā Āµg/L for As5+. | quartile |
Liang | 2023 | China | Cross-sectional study | MOH Criteria [39] | Urine | 86 | 299 | 24ā28 | As3+, MMA, DMA, and AsB were 0.2Ā Āµg/L and 0.5Ā Āµg/L for As5+ | tertile |