Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the AE, RE, non-AE and RE, and TE groups post-PSM

Coefficient

(95% CI)

p-value

Coefficient

(95% CI)

p-value

Coefficient (95% CI)

p-value

Coefficient (95% CI)

p-value

Coefficient (95% CI)

p-value

BMI (kg/m²)

Ref

Ref

0.262 (-0.054, 0.579)

0.105

-0.350 (-0.666, -0.033)

0.03*

0.215 (-0.103, 0.533)

0.185

0.096 (-0.224, 0.416)

0.558

0.001**

-0.262 (-0.579, 0.054)

0.105

Ref

Ref

-0.612 (-0.929, -0.296)

< 0.001**

-0.047 (-0.364, 0.269)

0.77

-0.167 (-0.484, 0.151)

0.304

0.350 (0.033, 0.666)

0.03*

0.612 (0.296, 0.929)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

0.565 (0.248, 0.882)

< 0.001**

0.445 (0.127, 0.764)

0.006**

-0.215 (-0.533, 0.103)

0.185

0.047 (-0.269, 0.364)

0.77

-0.565 (-0.882, -0.248)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

-0.119 (-0.436, 0.197)

0.46

-0.096 (-0.416, 0.224)

0.558

0.167 (-0.151, 0.484)

0.304

-0.445 (-0.764, -0.127)

0.006**

0.119 (-0.197, 0.436)

0.46

Ref

Ref

WC (cm)

Ref

Ref

1.660 (0.828, 2.492)

< 0.001**

-0.244 (-1.075, 0.587)

0.565

1.869 (1.034, 2.704)

< 0.001**

1.844 (1.004, 2.685)

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

-1.660 (-2.492, -0.828)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

-1.904 (-2.735, -1.074)

< 0.001**

0.209 (-0.622, 1.040)

0.622

0.184 (-0.650, 1.019)

0.665

0.244 (-0.587, 1.075)

0.565

1.904 (1.074, 2.735)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

2.113 (1.282, 2.945)

< 0.001**

2.089 (1.253, 2.924)

< 0.001**

-1.869 (-2.704, -1.034)

< 0.001**

-0.209 (-1.040, 0.622)

0.622

-2.113 (-2.945, -1.282)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

-0.025 (-0.856, 0.807)

0.954

-1.844 (-2.685, -1.004)

< 0.001**

-0.184 (-1.019, 0.650)

0.665

-2.089 (-2.924, -1.253)

< 0.001**

0.025 (-0.807, 0.856)

0.954

Ref

Ref

Mean BP (mmHg)

Ref

Ref

1.085 (0.197, 1.973)

0.017*

-0.359 (-1.246, 0.528)

0.427

1.374 (0.483, 2.265)

0.003**

1.676 (0.779, 2.573)

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

-1.085 (-1.973, -0.197)

0.017*

Ref

Ref

-1.445 (-2.331, -0.558)

0.001**

0.289 (-0.598, 1.176)

0.523

0.591 (-0.299, 1.481)

0.193

0.359 (-0.528, 1.246)

0.427

1.445 (0.558, 2.331)

0.001**

Ref

Ref

1.733 (0.846, 2.621)

< 0.001**

2.036 (1.144, 2.927)

< 0.001**

-1.374 (-2.265, -0.483)

0.003**

-0.289 (-1.176, 0.598)

0.523

-1.733 (-2.621, -0.846)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

0.302 (-0.585, 1.190)

0.504

-1.676 (-2.573, -0.779)

< 0.001**

-0.591 (-1.481, 0.299)

0.193

-2.036 (-2.927, -1.144)

< 0.001**

-0.302 (-1.190, 0.585)

0.504

Ref

Ref

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

Ref

Ref

1.256 (-2.137, 4.650)

0.468

-0.438 (-3.828, 2.952)

0.8

-1.620 (-5.026, 1.786)

0.351

0.096 (-3.332, 3.524)

0.956

0.578

-1.256 (-4.650, 2.137)

0.468

Ref

Ref

-1.694 (-5.082, 1.694)

0.327

-2.876 (-6.266, 0.514)

0.096

-1.160 (-4.563, 2.242)

0.504

0.438 (-2.952, 3.828)

0.8

1.694 (-1.694, 5.082)

0.327

Ref

Ref

-1.182 (-4.574, 2.211)

0.495

0.534 (-2.873, 3.941)

0.759

1.620 (-1.786, 5.026)

0.351

2.876 (-0.514, 6.266)

0.096

1.182 (-2.211, 4.574)

0.495

Ref

Ref

1.716 (-1.676, 5.108)

0.321

-0.096 (-3.524, 3.332)

0.956

1.160 (-2.242, 4.563)

0.504

-0.534 (-3.941, 2.873)

0.759

-1.716 (-5.108, 1.676)

0.321

Ref

Ref

TG (mg/dL)

Ref

Ref

13.388 (4.367, 22.409)

0.004**

13.707 (4.693, 22.720)

0.003**

15.770 (6.715, 24.825)

< 0.001**

23.061 (13.947, 32.176)

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

-13.388 (-22.409, -4.367)

0.004**

Ref

Ref

0.319 (-8.689, 9.326)

0.945

2.382 (-6.631, 11.395)

0.604

9.674 (0.628, 18.719)

0.036*

-13.707 (-22.720, -4.693)

0.003**

-0.319 (-9.326, 8.689)

0.945

Ref

Ref

2.063 (-6.956, 11.082)

0.654

9.355 (0.297, 18.412)

0.043*

-15.770 (-24.825, -6.715)

< 0.001**

-2.382 (-11.395, 6.631)

0.604

-2.063 (-11.082, 6.956)

0.654

Ref

Ref

7.292 (-1.727, 16.310)

0.113

-23.061 (-32.176, -13.947)

< 0.001**

-9.674 (-18.719, -0.628)

0.036*

-9.355 (-18.412, -0.297)

0.043*

-7.292 (-16.310, 1.727)

0.113

Ref

Ref

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

Ref

Ref

-1.453 (-2.511, -0.395)

0.007**

-1.675 (-2.732, -0.618)

0.002**

-2.997 (-4.059, -1.935)

< 0.001**

-2.990 (-4.059, -1.921)

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

1.453 (0.395, 2.511)

0.007**

Ref

Ref

-0.222 (-1.278, 0.835)

0.681

-1.544 (-2.601, -0.487)

0.004**

-1.537 (-2.598, -0.476)

0.005**

1.675 (0.618, 2.732)

0.002**

0.222 (-0.835, 1.278)

0.681

Ref

Ref

-1.322 (-2.380, -0.265)

0.014*

-1.315 (-2.378, -0.253)

0.015*

2.997 (1.935, 4.059)

< 0.001**

1.544 (0.487, 2.601)

0.004**

1.322 (0.265, 2.380)

0.014*

Ref

Ref

0.007 (-1.051, 1.065)

0.989

2.990 (1.921, 4.059)

< 0.001**

1.537 (0.476, 2.598)

0.005**

1.315 (0.253, 2.378)

0.015*

-0.007 (-1.065, 1.051)

0.989

Ref

Ref

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

Ref

Ref

0.403 (-2.640, 3.447)

0.795

-0.636 (-3.677, 2.405)

0.682

-1.250 (-4.305, 1.805)

0.423

-0.482 (-3.558, 2.593)

0.758

0.858

-0.403 (-3.447, 2.640)

0.795

Ref

Ref

-1.040 (-4.079, 1.999)

0.502

-1.653 (-4.694, 1.388)

0.287

-0.886 (-3.938, 2.166)

0.569

0.636 (-2.405, 3.677)

0.682

1.040 (-1.999, 4.079)

0.502

Ref

Ref

-0.614 (-3.657, 2.429)

0.693

0.154 (-2.902, 3.210)

0.921

1.250 (-1.805, 4.305)

0.423

1.653 (-1.388, 4.694)

0.287

0.614 (-2.429, 3.657)

0.693

Ref

Ref

0.768 (-2.275, 3.810)

0.621

0.482 (-2.593, 3.558)

0.758

0.886 (-2.166, 3.938)

0.569

-0.154 (-3.210, 2.902)

0.921

-0.768 (-3.810, 2.275)

0.621

Ref

Ref

Glucose (mg/dL)

Ref

Ref

1.020 (-0.859, 2.898)

0.287

-0.249 (-2.126, 1.628)

0.795

2.464 (0.578, 4.350)

0.01*

1.762 (-0.136, 3.660)

0.069

0.023*

-1.020 (-2.898, 0.859)

0.287

Ref

Ref

-1.269 (-3.145, 0.607)

0.185

1.444 (-0.432, 3.321)

0.131

0.743 (-1.141, 2.626)

0.44

0.249 (-1.628, 2.126)

0.795

1.269 (-0.607, 3.145)

0.185

Ref

Ref

2.713 (0.835, 4.591)

0.005**

2.011 (0.125, 3.898)

0.037*

-2.464 (-4.350, -0.578)

0.01*

-1.444 (-3.321, 0.432)

0.131

-2.713 (-4.591, -0.835)

0.005**

Ref

Ref

-0.702 (-2.580, 1.176)

0.464

-1.762 (-3.660, 0.136)

0.069

-0.743 (-2.626, 1.141)

0.44

-2.011 (-3.898, -0.125)

0.037*

0.702 (-1.176, 2.580)

0.464

Ref

Ref

Insulin (IU/L)

Ref

Ref

1.035 (0.474, 1.596)

< 0.001**

0.570 (0.010, 1.130)

0.046*

1.622 (1.059, 2.184)

< 0.001**

1.438 (0.872, 2.005)

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

-1.035 (-1.596, -0.474)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

-0.465 (-1.025, 0.095)

0.103

0.586 (0.026, 1.147)

0.04*

0.403 (-0.159, 0.965)

0.16

-0.570 (-1.130, -0.010)

0.046*

0.465 (-0.095, 1.025)

0.103

Ref

Ref

1.052 (0.491, 1.612)

< 0.001**

0.868 (0.305, 1.431)

0.003**

-1.622 (-2.184, -1.059)

< 0.001**

-0.586 (-1.147, -0.026)

0.04*

-1.052 (-1.612, -0.491)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

-0.183 (-0.744, 0.377)

0.521

-1.438 (-2.005, -0.872)

< 0.001**

-0.403 (-0.965, 0.159)

0.16

-0.868 (-1.431, -0.305)

0.003**

0.183 (-0.377, 0.744)

0.521

Ref

Ref

HOMA-IR

Ref

Ref

0.260 (0.069, 0.450)

0.008**

0.156 (-0.035, 0.346)

0.109

0.499 (0.307, 0.690)

< 0.001**

0.402 (0.209, 0.594)

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

-0.260 (-0.450, -0.069)

0.008**

Ref

Ref

-0.104 (-0.294, 0.086)

0.284

0.239 (0.048, 0.429)

0.014*

0.142 (-0.049, 0.333)

0.146

-0.156 (-0.346, 0.035)

0.109

0.104 (-0.086, 0.294)

0.284

Ref

Ref

0.343 (0.152, 0.534)

< 0.001**

0.246 (0.055, 0.437)

0.012*

-0.499 (-0.690, -0.307)

< 0.001**

-0.239 (-0.429, -0.048)

0.014*

-0.343 (-0.534, -0.152)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

-0.097 (-0.288, 0.094)

0.318

-0.402 (-0.594, -0.209)

< 0.001**

-0.142 (-0.333, 0.049)

0.146

-0.246 (-0.437, -0.055)

0.012*

0.097 (-0.094, 0.288)

0.318

Ref

Ref

HbA1c (%)

Ref

Ref

0.061 (-0.007, 0.128)

0.077

-0.003 (-0.071, 0.064)

0.926

0.080 (0.012, 0.148)

0.021*

0.063 (-0.006, 0.131)

0.072

0.041*

-0.061 (-0.128, 0.007)

0.077

Ref

Ref

-0.064 (-0.132, 0.003)

0.062

0.019 (-0.049, 0.086)

0.583

0.002 (-0.066, 0.069)

0.962

0.003 (-0.064, 0.071)

0.926

0.064 (-0.003, 0.132)

0.062

Ref

Ref

0.083 (0.015, 0.150)

0.016*

0.066 (-0.002, 0.134)

0.057

-0.080 (-0.148, -0.012)

0.021*

-0.019 (-0.086, 0.049)

0.583

-0.083 (-0.150, -0.015)

0.016*

Ref

Ref

-0.017 (-0.085, 0.050)

0.616

-0.063 (-0.131, 0.006)

0.072

-0.002 (-0.069, 0.066)

0.962

-0.066 (-0.134, 0.002)

0.057

0.017 (-0.050, 0.085)

0.616

Ref

Ref

TyG index

Ref

Ref

0.117 (0.062, 0.171)

< 0.001**

0.068 (0.013, 0.122)

0.015*

0.170 (0.116, 0.225)

< 0.001**

0.192 (0.137, 0.247)

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

-0.117 (-0.171, -0.062)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

-0.049 (-0.103, 0.005)

0.077

0.054 (-0.001, 0.108)

0.052

0.075 (0.020, 0.130)

0.007**

-0.068 (-0.122, -0.013)

0.015*

0.049 (-0.005, 0.103)

0.077

Ref

Ref

0.103 (0.048, 0.157)

< 0.001**

0.124 (0.069, 0.179)

< 0.001**

-0.170 (-0.225, -0.116)

< 0.001**

-0.054 (-0.108, 0.001)

0.052

-0.103 (-0.157, -0.048)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

0.021 (-0.033, 0.076)

0.444

-0.192 (-0.247, -0.137)

< 0.001**

-0.075 (-0.130, -0.020)

0.007**

-0.124 (-0.179, -0.069)

< 0.001**

-0.021 (-0.076, 0.033)

0.444

Ref

Ref

AST (IU/L)

Ref

Ref

-1.129 (-2.551, 0.294)

0.12

-0.420 (-1.841, 1.002)

0.563

-0.611 (-2.039, 0.817)

0.401

-1.616 (-3.053, -0.179)

0.028*

0.205

1.129 (-0.294, 2.551)

0.12

Ref

Ref

0.709 (-0.711, 2.130)

0.328

0.518 (-0.904, 1.939)

0.475

-0.487 (-1.914, 0.939)

0.503

0.420 (-1.002, 1.841)

0.563

-0.709 (-2.130, 0.711)

0.328

Ref

Ref

-0.192 (-1.614, 1.231)

0.792

-1.196 (-2.625, 0.232)

0.101

0.611 (-0.817, 2.039)

0.401

-0.518 (-1.939, 0.904)

0.475

0.192 (-1.231, 1.614)

0.792

Ref

Ref

-1.005 (-2.427, 0.417)

0.166

1.616 (0.179, 3.053)

0.028*

0.487 (-0.939, 1.914)

0.503

1.196 (-0.232, 2.625)

0.101

1.005 (-0.417, 2.427)

0.166

Ref

Ref

ALT (IU/L)

Ref

Ref

-0.561 (-2.336, 1.213)

0.535

-0.542 (-2.315, 1.230)

0.549

0.946 (-0.835, 2.727)

0.298

0.925 (-0.867, 2.718)

0.312

0.247

0.561 (-1.213, 2.336)

0.535

Ref

Ref

0.019 (-1.753, 1.791)

0.983

1.507 (-0.266, 3.280)

0.096

1.487 (-0.292, 3.266)

0.101

0.542 (-1.230, 2.315)

0.549

-0.019 (-1.791, 1.753)

0.983

Ref

Ref

1.488 (-0.286, 3.262)

0.1

1.468 (-0.314, 3.249)

0.106

-0.946 (-2.727, 0.835)

0.298

-1.507 (-3.280, 0.266)

0.096

-1.488 (-3.262, 0.286)

0.1

Ref

Ref

-0.020 (-1.794, 1.754)

0.982

-0.925 (-2.718, 0.867)

0.312

-1.487 (-3.266, 0.292)

0.101

-1.468 (-3.249, 0.314)

0.106

0.020 (-1.754, 1.794)

0.982

Ref

Ref

WBC (× 10³/µL)

Ref

Ref

0.221 (0.082, 0.361)

0.002**

-0.027 (-0.167, 0.112)

0.698

0.288 (0.149, 0.428)

< 0.001**

0.362 (0.222, 0.503)

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

-0.221 (-0.361, -0.082)

0.002**

Ref

Ref

-0.249 (-0.388, -0.110)

< 0.001**

0.067 (-0.072, 0.206)

0.345

0.141 (0.001, 0.281)

0.048*

0.027 (-0.112, 0.167)

0.698

0.249 (0.110, 0.388)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

0.316 (0.177, 0.455)

< 0.001**

0.390 (0.250, 0.530)

< 0.001**

-0.288 (-0.428, -0.149)

< 0.001**

-0.067 (-0.206, 0.072)

0.345

-0.316 (-0.455, -0.177)

< 0.001**

Ref

Ref

0.074 (-0.065, 0.213)

0.298

-0.362 (-0.503, -0.222)

< 0.001**

-0.141 (-0.281, -0.001)

0.048*

-0.390 (-0.530, -0.250)

< 0.001**

-0.074 (-0.213, 0.065)

0.298

Ref

Ref