School health promotion and fruit and vegetable consumption in secondary schools: a repeated cross-sectional multilevel study

Table 3 Association between Healthy School certification and dietary intake of students in secondary schools

	Fruit¹ (N = 184²)		Vegetables¹ (N = 184²)
	B	95% CI	B	95% CI
Model 1
Intercept	2.40	(1.14, 3.66)*	5.09	(4.43, 5.75)*
HS	0.15	(0.05, 0.24)*	0.07	(0.02, 0.13)*
Model 2
Intercept	2.55	(1.32, 3.77)*	5.08	(4.45, 5.71)*
Number of years HS	0.06	(0.03, 0.09)*	0.03	(0.02, 0.05)*
Model 3
Intercept³	2.60	(1.33, 3.87)*	5.17	(4.51, 5.82)*
No HS	-0.20	(-0.31, -0.10)*	-0.12	(-0.18, -0.06)*
HS, but no nutrition certificate	-0.10	(-0.21, 0.01)	-0.09	(-0.16, -0.02)*

Note ¹ Expressed as number of days per week consumed. ² N = Number of schools x school year combinations. ³ Having the nutrition certificate is used as a reference group. * = Significant (p < 0.05. N (schools) = 67; N (students) = 58,663. All analyses were controlled for the season of administration and whether the survey was filled out anonymously or not. We adjusted for all characteristics that accounted for ≥ 10% of the variation between schools in Table 2, as well as the individual characteristic, which were not related to the HS program. Regression coefficients for these control variables are not displayed in the table. For the control variables, we used the following as a reference for the school population and individual characteristics: being older than 15 (only for fruit), following pre-vocational secondary education, having less than good self-rated general health, having normal psychosocial health (only for fruit), not being bullied at school, not being cyberbullied, not being absent from school due to sickness more than five days, having an average school experience, and filling out the survey anonymously during fall. HS = the HS program certificate; CI = confidence interval

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