Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of individuals by WHtR categories

Unweighted

 N (%)

4596 (17.0)

10,053 (37.3)

8306 (30.8)

3116 (11.5)

927 (3.4)

 All-cause mortality, n (%)

173 (3.8)

598 (5.9)

676 (8.1)

285 (9.1)

72 (7.8)

 < 0.001

 Cardiovascular mortality, n (%)

28 (0.6)

161 (1.6)

217 (2.6)

94 (3.0)

22 (2.4)

 < 0.001

 Cancer mortality, n (%)

48 (1.0)

174 (1.7)

169 (2.0)

69 (2.2)

14 (1.5)

 < 0.001

 Other mortality, n (%)

97 (2.1)

263 (2.6)

290 (3.5)

122 (3.9)

36 (3.9)

 < 0.001

Weighted

 Age, years

35.3 ± 15.3

46.5 ± 16.5

51.4 ± 16.9

51.1 ± 16.8

49.0 ± 15.3

 < 0.0001

 Male, %

50.8

53.8

49.0

36.9

29.4

 < 0.0001

 Ethnicity, %

 < 0.0001

  Non-Hispanic White

65.6

66.1

64.1

66.0

63.2

  Non-Hispanic Black

13.2

9.3

11.0

13.3

15.7

  Hispanic

9.8

14.6

18.4

15.9

16.7

  Other

11.4

10.0

6.5

4.8

4.4

 Education level, %

 < 0.0001

  Under high school

12.5

14.6

17.7

17.3

16.9

  High school graduate

20.9

21.1

25.4

26.6

28.4

  Above high school

66.6

64.3

56.9

56.1

54.6

 Marital status, %

 < 0.0001

  Married/cohabiting

48.3

65.5

64.0

59.9

55.2

  Separated/divorced/widowed

9.7

16.5

20.9

23.6

23.5

  Never married/other

42.0

18.0

15.0

16.5

21.3

 Poverty income ratio (PIR)^a

257 (103, 496)

296 (127, 500)

254 (113, 464)

222 (104, 416)

182 (89, 356)

 < 0.0001

 Smoking status, %

 < 0.0001

 Never smoker

64.1

57.5

55.0

53.0

56.5

  Former smoker

14.1

22.8

28.2

29.9

27.2

  Current smoker

21.8

19.8

16.8

17.2

16.3

 Alcohol consumption^b, %

 < 0.0001

  Never

26.6

28.1

33.7

34.8

37.4

  Less than once a week

37.5

35.7

38.8

45.7

50.4

  More than once a week

35.9

36.1

27.5

19.4

12.2

 Body mass index, kg/m²

21.4 ± 2.3

26.2 ± 2.7

31.6 ± 3.3

38.3 ± 4.0

47.1 ± 5.1

 < 0.0001

 Waist circumference, cm

78.1 ± 5.9

92.8 ± 7.2

106.9 ± 7.6

121.9 ± 8.7

138.9 ± 10.2

 < 0.0001

 Heart rate, bpm

71.2 ± 11.6

71.3 ± 11.3

73.1 ± 11.7

74.8 ± 12.3

77.4 ± 12.7

 < 0.0001

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

114.8 ± 15.1

121.4 ± 17.0

125.6 ± 17.6

127.7 ± 17.8

129.8 ± 18.1

 < 0.0001

 Medical conditions

  ASCVD, %

2.2

6.0

9.6

10.6

13.0

 < 0.0001

  Diabetes mellitus, %

1.3

5.2

13.3

22.2

27.6

 < 0.0001

  COPD, %

2.5

3.3

5.4

7.3

10.4

 < 0.0001

  Cancer, %

5.3

9.8

12.1

13.0

12.1

 < 0.0001

 Laboratory measurement

  White blood cell, × 10⁹/L

6.6 ± 1.9

7.0 ± 2.0

7.5 ± 2.2

8.0 ± 2.2

8.6 ± 2.4

 < 0.0001

  Hemoglobin, g/dL

14.2 ± 1.4

14.3 ± 1.4

14.2 ± 1.5

14.0 ± 1.5

13.8 ± 1.5

 < 0.0001

  Albumin, g/L

44.4 ± 3.4

43.3 ± 3.1

42.2 ± 3.2

41.0 ± 3.1

39.4 ± 3.1

 < 0.0001

  Creatinine, umol/L

76.0 ± 19.7

78.5 ± 25.8

78.6 ± 27.8

76.6 ± 28.1

73.7 ± 23.1

 < 0.0001

  Urea nitrogen, mmol/L

4.5 ± 1.6

4.9 ± 1.7

5.1 ± 2.0

5.1 ± 2.2

5.0 ± 2.2

 < 0.0001

  Glycohemoglobin, %

5.3 ± 0.5

5.5 ± 0.7

5.8 ± 1.0

6.1 ± 1.2

6.3 ± 1.3

 < 0.0001

  Total cholesterol, mg/dL

177.5 ± 36.3

195.4 ± 41.0

195.2 ± 40.8

191.2 ± 40.0

184.4 ± 36.2

 < 0.0001

  HDL-C, mg/dL

61.4 ± 16.3

55.1 ± 16.5

49.5 ± 14.1

47.4 ± 12.7

46.1 ± 11.5

 < 0.0001

 Medications

  Aspirin, %

4.6

13.1

20.5

24.7

23.3

 < 0.0001

  Lipid-lowering drugs, %

3.4

14.3

24.2

26.9

25.0

 < 0.0001

  Hypoglycemic agents, %

1.1

4.5

12.0

21.6

26.1

 < 0.0001