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Table 2 Factors associated with transgender women being HIV positive

From: A comparative study of transgender women accessing HIV testing via face-to-face and telemedicine services in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic and their risk of being HIV-positive

Variable

HIV Positive

Univariable Analysis

Multivariable Analysis

Full Modela

Final Modelb

n/N

(%)

OR

(95% CI)

P

aOR

(95% CI)

P

aOR

(95% CI)

P

Type of service

    

0.803

  

0.209

  

0.329

Face-to-face (ref.)

10/260

3.9

1.00

–

 

1.00

–

 

1.00

–

 

Telemedicine

16/377

4.2

1.11

(0.49–2.48)

 

2.36

(0.62–8.99)

 

1.86

(0.54–6.46)

 

Sex worker experience

    

0.006*

  

0.106

  

0.009*

No (ref.)

7/326

2.2

1.00

–

 

1.00

–

 

1.00

–

 

Yes

6/63

9.5

4.80

(1.55–14.82)

 

3.22

(0.78–13.31)

 

5.92

(1.57–22.30)

 

Experience with HIV testing

    

0.024*

  

0.032*

  

0.034*

Within the previous year (ref.)

4/247

1.6

1.00

–

 

1.00

–

 

1.00

–

 

Never or more than 1 year ago

9/146

6.2

3.99

(1.20–13.22)

 

5.37

(1.15–24.99)

 

4.05

(1.11–14.77)

 

STI result

    

< 0.001*

  

0.327

   

Non-reactive syphilis (ref.)

16/582

2.8

1.00

–

 

1.00

–

    

Reactive syphilis

8/53

15.1

6.29

(2.55–15.50)

 

2.98

(0.34–26.55)

    

History of drug abuse

    

0.012*

  

0.421

   

No (ref.)

9/360

2.5

1.00

–

 

1.00

–

    

Yes

4/36

11.1

4.88

(1.42–16.74)

 

2.09

(0.35–12.56)

    

Age (years old)

    

0.888

      

< 25 (ref.)

15/376

4.0

1.00

–

       

> 25

11/261

4.2

1.06

(0.48–2.35)

       

Relationship status

    

0.959

      

Single (ref.)

11/303

3.6

1.00

–

       

With a partner

4/107

3.7

1.03

(0.32–3.31)

       

HIV-tested during the window periods

    

0.269

      

No (ref.)

24/614

3.9

1.00

–

       

Yes

2/23

8.7

2.34

(0.52–10.58)

       

A history of taking PrEP before HIV testing

    

0.504

      

Yes (ref.)

3/118

2.5

1.00

–

       

No

11/282

3.9

1.56

(0.43–5.69)

       

A history of taking PEP before HIV testing

    

0.897

      

Yes (ref.)

2/66

3.0

1.00

–

       

No

11/329

3.3

1.11

(0.24–5.12)

       

The reason for HIV testing

    

0.839

      

Others (ref.)

21/554

3.8

1.00

–

       

A high risk of HIV exposure

3/70

4.3

1.14

(0.33–3.92)

       

Tested during the COVID-19 pandemic time periods

    

0.263

      

First and second waves (ref.)

10/314

3.2

1.00

–

       

Third and fourth waves

16/323

5.0

1.58

(0.71–3.55)

       
  1. Abbreviations: ref., reference group; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; n, number of HIV positive; N, number of participants; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis; PEP, post-exposure prophylaxis
  2. *P-value < 0.05
  3. a All potentially associated factors with P-values less than 0.25 in the univariable analyses (i.e., sex worker experience, experience with prior HIV testing, the STI result, and a history of drug abuse), and the type of HIV testing service (face-to-face or telemedicine) were included in a multivariable analysis
  4. b The final multivariable logistic regression model with a backward elimination process
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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