Table 2 Health-compromising Behavior Index (Scale 0–4)

Smoking status (1 = current smoker, 0.5 = ever smoked, 0 = never smoked)

Drinking

 1 = excessive drinking (> 1 drink per day for women or > 2 drinks per day for men)

 0 = moderate or no drinking (≤ 1 drink per day for women or ≤ 2 drinks per day for men)

Physical activity

 1 = physical inactive (engage in moderate, or vigorous activities more than once a week)

 0 = physical active (engage in moderate, or vigorous activities once a week or fewer)

Diet

 1 = unhealthy diet (violate two or more recommended limits listed below)

 0 = healthy diet (violate fewer than two recommended limits listed below)

 Daily nutrition intake recommended by USDA dietary guideline (2015):

  added sugar < 10% total daily calories

  sodium < 2300 mg per day

  saturated fat < 10% total daily calories

  cholesterol < 300 mg per day

  fiber ≥ 28 g per day for men or ≥ 22.4 g per day for women