From: Peer pressure and alcohol consumption in adults living in the UK: a systematic qualitative review
Reference; Participants, n; CASP | Participant demographics | Drinking status | Method of data collection |
---|---|---|---|
Black & Monrouxe 2014 [30] n = 41 (qualitative data sub-group) CASP 13 | • Students from 3 medical schools in England and Wales • No demographics provided for qualitative sub-group | • No details provided for qualitative sub-group | Questionnaire with qualitative ‘narrative’ question |
Carpenter et al. 2008 [31] n = 12 CASP 14 | • Female students at Leeds University (North England), from a range of academic courses • Aged 18–23 years | • No details provided | 2 focus groups |
Conroy & de Viser 2012 [32] n = 12 CASP 15 | • Undergraduate students • Aged 20–29 years • 7 males, 5 females • All from the south of England | • Regular consumers of alcohol | Semi-structured interviews |
Conroy & de Viser 2014 [33] n = 5 CASP 15 | • English university students • Aged 19–22 years | • Non-drinkers (both lifelong non-drinkers and former drinkers (abstinence of ≥6 months)) | In-depth, semi-structured interviews |
Emslie et al. 2012 [40] n = 36 CASP 17 | • 15 males, 21 females • Aged 35–50 years (3 younger than 35, 2 over 50) • All respondents were white and lived in the west of Scotland • A socioeconomically diverse sample | • Half (8 males and 11 females) reported drinking over the ‘recommended’ weekly limit (14 and 21 units for women and men respectively). • Six of these could be classed as ‘harmful’ drinkers (over 35 units for women and 50 for men) | 8 focus groups |
Emslie et al. 2013 [41] n = 22 CASP 15 | • Males aged between 28 and 52 years (mean 36.9 years) • All were white and lived in the west of Scotland. • Diverse socioeconomic backgrounds | • All drank “regularly” | 9 focus groups |
Forsyth et al. 2016 [42] n = 24 CASP 13 | • Entertainers currently working in Glasgow’s pubs and nightclubs (west of Scotland) • 18 males, 6 females • ‘DJs’ (n = 8), ‘Band-members’ (n = 8) and ‘Variety Acts’ (n = 8) • Aged 20–49 years | • No details provided | Qualitative interviews |
Graber et al. 2016 [37] n = 25 CASP 15 | • Young people aged 17–25 years • 13 females, 12 males • Living in South East England • 22 in full time education | • 17 moderate drinkers, 8 non-drinkers | Semi-structured interviews |
Herring et al. 2012 n = 52 CASP 13 | • Young people aged 16–25 years • 26 females, 26 males • 46 students • Vast majority living in London | • 22 current non-drinkers, 30 current light drinkers | Semi-structured interviews |
Jacobs et al. 2018 [34] n = 8 CASP 16 | • Female first year UK undergraduate students at the University of Lincoln (East Midlands) • Aged 18 to 33 years (mean age 21.5 years) | • Non-drinkers (defined as someone who either has never drank alcohol, or has only consumed alcohol once in the previous year) | Semi-structured interviews |
MacArthur et al. 2017 [39] n = 28 CASP 13 | • Young people aged between 18 and 20 years • 13 males, 15 females • Participants lived in both urban and rural environments • Living in South West England • Half of the participants were in employment or seeking employment and half were in, or were planning to attend, tertiary education. | • 13 non-hazardous drinkers - no drinking, or drinking below safe drinking guideline amounts • 14 hazardous drinkers - regularly consuming alcohol over the safe drinking guideline (3–4 units per day for males, 2–3 units per day for females) • 1 harmful drinker – drinking above recommended limits, and at higher levels than most hazardous drinkers | In-depth interviews |
Orford et al. 2004 [35] n = 11 (qualitative data sub-group) CASP 10 | • Undergraduate students from a large university in the English West Midlands • Approximately equal numbers of males and females, and of students in each of the three years of study • No age data reported, but all assumed to be adults due to attending university in the UK (where students are 18 + yrs) | • Approximately equal numbers of ‘heavy’ and ‘light’ drinkers | Semi-structured interviews |
Piacentini & Banister 2006 [36] Study 1 n = 160 Study 2 n = 8 CASP 12 | Study 1 • Second year undergraduates at Lancaster University (North West England) undertaking classes in marketing • Aged 19–22 years • 84 females, 74 males, 2 unstated | Study 1 • Information on drinking status not requested but 4 respondents claimed to be teetotal, over three-quarters of the narratives suggested fairly heavy drinking and the remainder implied light alcohol intake | Study 1 Written narratives |
Study 2 • Students at Lancaster University • Aged 19–22 years | Study 2 • 4 regular drinkers, 4 light/non drinkers | Study 2 Interviews |