Volunteering and health benefits in general adults: cumulative effects and forms

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Multivariate linear regression of self-oriented volunteering on the health outcomes of mental and physical health, life satisfaction, social well-being, and depression

Predictors		Mental health		Physical health		Life satisfaction		Social well-being		Depression
Predictors		β	t	β	t	β	t	β	t	β	t
1.	Self-oriented volunteering	.063*	2.364	.069*	2.456	.036*	2.164	.053*	2.547	−.021	−1.219
2.	Female	−.035	−1.376	.005	.172	.003	.204	.051*	2.519	.019	1.125
3.	Age	−.069*	−2.353	−.193**	−6.243	.053**	2.907	−.061**	−2.653	−.072**	−3.732
	Race/Ethnicity
4.	Black	−.021	−.830	−.039	−1.438	−.028⁺	−1.700	−.038⁺	−1.869	.021	1.248
5.	Hispanic	−.095**	−3.218	−.118**	−3.794	−.039*	−2.095	−.085**	−3.657	.023	1.174
6.	Other	−.015	−.581	−.046⁺	−1.739	−.004	−.224	.001	.505	.020	1.178
7.	Education	.147**	5.318	.127**	4.333	.070**	4.038	.122**	5.594	−.103**	−5.598
8.	US citizen	−.005	−.182	−.035	−1.168	−.017	−.967	.088**	4.002	.060**	3.228
9.	Married	.105**	3.873	.069*	2.381	.127**	7.437	.209**	9.779	−.105**	5.838
10.	Number of children	−.036	−1.274	.027	−.920	−.026	−1.445	.011	.516	.001	.071
11.	Employed	.068*	2.487	.106**	3.654	−.006	.363	.010	.453	−.079**	4.351
12.	Family income	−.016	−.592	.100**	3.522	.027	1.573	.069**	3.239	−.015	−.868
13.	Income missing	.007	.283	−.045	−1.639	−.019	−1.194	−.048*	−2.359	−.021	−1.226
	R²	.074		.117		.099		.185		.101
	Model chi-square (df)	2140.092(75)**

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