Table 3 Least square means for dietary patterns (UDP; HDP)a by education level for each country (site) arranged from highest to lowest HDI
Country (site) | 2011 HDI (level) | Gini Index (Year) | Education Level 1 | Education Level 2 | Education Level 3 | P for linear trendb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UDP scores by country (site) | ||||||
 Australia (Adelaide) | 0.929 (very high) | 34.9 (2010) | −0.09 (0.13) | −0.23 (0.08) | −0.47 (0.09) | 0.003 |
 Canada (Ottawa) | 0.908 (very high) | 32.6 (2013) | 0.29 (0.28) | −0.38 (0.09) | −0.53 (0.08) | 0.0002 |
 Finland (Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa) | 0.882 (very high) | 27.7 (2010) | 0.00 (0.25) | −0.61 (0.08) | −0.60 (0.09) | <.0001 |
 USA (Baton Rouge) | 0.837 (very high) | 40.8 (2013) | 1.43 (0.14) | 0.99 (0.09) | 0.69 (0.09) | 0.005 |
 Portugal (Porto) | 0.819 (very high) | 35.8 (2010) | −0.23 (0.08) | −0.32 (0.09) | −0.58 (0.10) | 0.04 |
 United Kingdom (Bath and North East Somerset) | 0.744 (very high) | 36.0 (2013) | 0.10 (0.25) | −0.10 (0.08 | −0.35 (0.09) | 0.002 |
 Brazil (Sau Paulo) | 0.718 (high) | 52.9 (2013) | 0.40 (0.10) | 0.05 (0.08) | 0.03 (0.10) | 0.07 |
 Colombia (Bogota) | 0.710 (high) | 55.5 (2010) | −0.09 (0.08) | −0.11 (0.08) | −0.20 (0.11) | 0.56 |
 China (Tianjin) | 0.687 (medium) | 42.1 (2010) | −0.13 (0.14) | −0.22 (0.13) | −0.38 (0.14) | 0.001 |
 South Africa (Cape Town) | 0.619 (medium) | 63.1 (2013) | 1.33 (0.09) | 1.12 (0.10) | 0.84 (0.14) | 0.35 |
 India (Bangalore) | 0.547 (medium) | 33.9 (2009) | −0.11 (0.20) | −0.17 (0.13) | −0.21 (0.11) | 0.08 |
 Kenya (Nairobi) | 0.509 (low) | 47.7 (2013) | 0.29 (0.13) | 0.18 (0.08) | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.01 |
HDP scores by country (site) | ||||||
 Australia (Adelaide) | 0.929 (very high) | 34.9 (2010) | 0.08 (0.14) | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.38 (0.08) | 0.52 |
 Canada (Ottawa) | 0.908 (very high) | 32.6 (2013) | 0.31 (0.31) | 0.23 (0.09) | 0.51 (0.07) | <.0001 |
 Finland (Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa) | 0.882 (very high) | 27.7 (2010) | −0.13 (0.28) | −0.12 (0.07) | −0.15 (0.08) | 0.93 |
 USA (Baton Rouge) | 0.837 (very high) | 40.8 (2013) | −0.05 (0.15) | −0.15 (0.08) | −0.04 (0.08) | 0.05 |
 Portugal (Porto) | 0.819 (very high) | 35.8 (2010) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.24 (0.08) | 0.58 (0.10) | 0.05 |
 United Kingdom (Bath and North East Somerset) | 0.744 (very high) | 36.0 (2013) | −0.24 (0.28) | −0.20 (0.08) | 0.27 (0.08) | 0.91 |
 Brazil (Sau Paulo) | 0.718 (high) | 52.9 (2013) | −0.36 (0.10) | −0.47 (0.08) | −0.35 (0.10) | 0.80 |
 Colombia (Bogota) | 0.710 (high) | 55.5 (2010) | −0.51 (0.07) | −0.51 (0.06) | −0.28 (0.10) | 0.02 |
 China (Tianjin) | 0.687 (medium) | 42.1 (2010) | −0.06 (0.11) | 0.09 (0.10) | 0.21 (0.12) | 0.60 |
 South Africa (Cape Town) | 0.619 (medium) | 63.1 (2013) | 0.23 (0.09) | 0.17 (0.09) | 0.31 (0.14) | 0.10 |
 India (Bangalore) | 0.547 (medium) | 33.9 (2009) | −0.45 (0.21) | −0.19 (0.11) | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.07 |
 Kenya (Nairobi) | 0.509 (low) | 47.7 (2013) | 0.34 (0.13) | 0.24 (0.07) | 0.30 (0.08) | 0.95 |