Table 4 Bivariable associations between exposure to partner violence, covariates and self-reported symptoms of depression. Presented as past year prevalence (n), percentage (%) and crude odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). N = 573 women
Explanatory variables and potential confounders | Self-reported symptoms of depression past 12 months | |
|---|---|---|
Experienced ≥ 2 out of 5 symptoms | Crude OR (95% CI) | |
% (n) | ||
Controlling behavior past 12 months | ||
Unexposed | 61.5 (104) | 1 |
Exposed (≥1 of the items) | 38.5 (65) | 2.43 (1.63–3.63) |
Physical violence past 12 months | ||
Unexposed | 84.6 (143) | 1 |
Exposed (≥1 of the items) | 15.4 (26) | 3.78 (1.99–7.17) |
Sexual violence past 12 months | ||
Unexposed | 93.5 (158) | 1 |
Exposed (≥1 of the items) | 6.5 (11) | 5.10 (1.74–14.91) |
Age groups | ||
26–65 | 86.7 (157) | 1 |
18–25 | 13.3 (24) | 1.49 (0.86–2.58) |
Civil status | ||
Married, cohabitant, registered partnership, boy- or girlfriend | 77.2 (139) | 1 |
Single, widowed, divorced | 22.8 (41) | 1.46 (1.53–3.96) |
Educational level | ||
University/ High school | 83.9 (151) | 1 |
Elementary school | 16.1 (29) | 1.00 (0.62–1.62) |
Employment status | ||
Employed, parental leave, leave of absence | 64.1 (116) | 1 |
Student, unemployed, sick-leave, early retirement /retired, home-worker, other | 35.9 (65) | 2.45 (1.64–3.64) |
Social support | ||
Good | 50.3 (88) | 1 |
Poor | 49.7 (87) | 2.45 (1.70–3.56) |
Grown up with- and witnessed IPV | ||
No/ Unsure | 85.4 (152) | 1 |
Witnessed violence | 14.6 (26) | 3.92 (2.05–7.52) |