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Table 3 The 1993 cohort: crude and adjusted effects of cesarean section on fat mass index, BMI Z-score and height at age 18, overall and by sex. Adjusted effects obtained through linear regression. 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil, 2011-12

From: Caesarean section and adiposity at 6, 18 and 30 years of age: results from three Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohorts

Type of delivery

All (N = 3961)

Males (N = 1965)

Females (N = 1996)

Coeff. (CI 95%)

Coeff. (CI 95%)

Coeff. (CI 95%)

Fat mass index at age 18

 Crude effect

p = 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.137

 C-section

0.45 (0.18; 0.72)

0.66 (0.36; 0.96)

0.26 (−0.08; 0.60)

 Adjusted (model 1)a

p = 0.018

p = 0.009

p = 0.126

 C-section

0.34 (0.06; 0.62)

0.41 (0.10; 0.72)

0.28 (−0.08; 0.64)

 Adjusted (model 2)b

p = 0.364

p = 0.106

p = 0.806

 C-section

0.13 (−0.15; 0.41)

0.25 (−0.05; 0.56)

0.04 (−0.30; 0.39)

 Adjusted (model 3)c

p = 0.583

p = 0.123

p = 0.990

 C-section

0.08 (−0.20; 0.36)

0.24 (−0.07; 0.56)

−0.01 (−0.35; 0.34)

BMI Z-score at age 18

 Crude effect

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.209

 C-section

0.17 (0.09; 0.25)

0.27 (0.15; 0.38)

0.07 (−0.04; 0.19)

 Adjusted (model 1)a

p < 0.001

p = 0.001

p = 0.104

 C-section

0.15 (0.07; 0.24)

0.20 (0.08; 0.31)

0.10 (−0.02; 0.22)

 Adjusted (model 2)b

p = 0.082

p = 0.049

p = 0.599

 C-section

0.07 (−0.01; 0.16)

0.11 (0.00; 0.23)

0.03 (−0.09; 0.15)

 Adjusted (model 3)c

p = 0.163

p = 0.061

p = 0.840

 C-section

0.06 (−0.02; 0.14)

0.11 (−0.01; 0.23)

0.01 (−0.11; 0.13)

Height (cm) at age 18

 Crude effect

p = 0.025

p = 0.293

p = 0.001

 C-section

0.70 (0.09; 1.32)

0.37 (−0.31;1.02)

1.04 (0.44;1.64)

 Adjusted (model 1)a

p = 0.684

p = 0.267

p = 0.042

 C-section

0.13 (−0.50;0.76)

−0.38 (−1.06;0.29)

0.64 (0.02; 1.27)

 Adjusted (model 2)b

p = 0.613

p = 0.045

p = 0.196

 C-section

−0.17 (−0.82; 0.48)

−0.71 (−1.40; −0.02)

0.42 (−0.22; 1.05)

 Adjusted (model 3)c

p = 0.932

p = 0.080

p = 0.130

 C-section

−0.02 (−0.65; 0.59)

−0.59 (−1.25; 0.07)

0.47 (−0.14; 1.09)

  1. aModel 1: adjusted for economic position at birth, maternal schooling, mother’s skin colour and financing of delivery
  2. bModel 2: model 1 + mother’s pre-gestational BMI (linear and quadratic), parity, mother’s age at birth and smoking during pregnancy
  3. cModel 3: model 2 + birth weight and birth length
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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