Assessing the link between witnessing inter-parental violence and the perpetration of intimate partner violence in Bangladesh

Table 2 Multivariate analysis for different forms of IPV committed by ever married men and their endorsement of attitudes justifying spousal abuse with witnessing father-to mother IPV: 2007 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (n = 3374)

Measure	Any IPV¹	Types of IPV²			Endorsement of attitudes justifying spousal abuse³
	Any IPV¹	RRR (95% CI)^§			Endorsement of attitudes justifying spousal abuse³
	AOR (95% CI)^§	Only physical IPV	Only sexual IPV	Both physical and sexual IPV	AOR (95% CI)^¥
Witnessed father-to-mother IPV
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	3.26 (2.61-4.06)^a	3.17 (2.53-3.96)^a	2.40 (1.04-5.58)^c	5.97 (4.05-8.81)^a	1.34 (1.08-1.65)^b
Interaction of witnessing inter-parental violence AND endorsing attitudes justifying spousal abuse
Both witnnessing inter-parental violence and endorsing attitudes justifying spousal abuse	1.00
Witnnessing inter-parental violence only	0.41 (0.25-0.65)^a
Endorsing attiudes justifying spousal abuse only	0.29 (0.19-0.45)^a
None	0.13 (0.08-0.19)^a

Note: ^1,2,3 Models were adjusted for age, education, place of residence, religion, wealth index category, earning provide family basic needs, any living children, number of family members, decision making autonomy, ever use of drug or alcohol, and marital duration
^§Adjusted for endorsement of attitudes justifying spousal abuse³
^¥Adjusted for any IPV
AOR adjusted odds ratio, RRR relative risk ratio, CI confidence interval, IPV intimate partner violence
^a p < 0.001, ^b p < 0.01, ^c p < 0.05

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