Table 5 Factors associated with infant mortality in Nepal in 2011 (unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio)

Region

0.409

Far-Western

1.498

0.995

2.254

0.053

Mid-Western

1.135

0.739

1.744

0.561

Western

1.271

0.826

1.956

0.274

Central

1.176

0.716

1.933

0.520

Eastern

1.000

Ecological Zone

0.124

Terai

0.653

0.424

1.004

0.052

Hill

0.712

0.484

1.046

0.083

Mountain

1.000

Delivery Assisted

0.091

0.015

Some assistance

0.523

0.247

1.109

0.091

0.347

0.148

0.814

0.015

No assistance

1.000

1.000

Maternal occupation

0.726

Unemployed

1.073

0.721

1.598

0.726

Employed

1.000

Maternal Education

0.329

No education

1.754

0.706

4.361

0.225

Incomplete

1.521

0.587

3.940

0.387

primary/Primary

1.273

0.488

3.320

0.621

Incomplete Secondary/Secondary

1.000

Paternal Education

0.004

0.010

No education

2.844

1.405

5.757

0.004

3.011

1.471

6.162

0.003

Incomplete

2.555

1.245

5.246

0.011

2.788

1.354

5.738

0.006

primary/Primary

1.676

0.815

3.446

0.159

1.756

0.909

3.389

0.093

Incomplete Secondary/Secondary

Higher

1.000

1.000

Maternal Literacy

0.017

Unable to read at all

1.481

1.072

2.046

0.017

Able to read parts or whole sentence

1.000

Wealth Index

0.582

Poorest

1.620

0.926

2.835

0.091

Poorer

1.466

0.781

2.750

0.233

Middle

1.527

0.824

2.830

0.178

Richer

1.497

0.766

2.924

0.237

Richest

1.000

Biomass use

0.054

Relatively non-polluting

0.594

0.349

1.008

0.054

Relatively high polluting

1.000

Decision Making on own health care need

0.421

Respondent alone

0.823

0.470

1.441

0.495

Respondent and

0.657

0.389

1.110

0.116

Husband/partner/other

0.817

0.495

1.349

0.428

Husband/Partner Alone/

Someone Else

1.000

Decision Making capacity on money expenditure

0.455

Respondent alone

0.429

0.062

2.985

0.391

Respondent and

0.498

0.069

3.601

0.488

husband/partner/other

1.042

0.132

8.208

0.969

Husband/Partner Alone

Someone Else

1.000

Maternal BMI

0.467

Underweight

0.603

0.251

1.447

0.256

Normal range

0.693

0.356

1.350

0.280

Overweight/Obese

1.000

Mother’s age at marriage

0.490

<16 years

1.230

0.656

2.307

0.517

17–21 years

1.001

0.543

1.845

0.999

>22 years

1.000

Mother’s age at child birth

0.127

<16 years

1.623

0.933

2.824

0.086

17–21 years

1.576

1.008

2.465

0.046

>22 years

1.000

Sex of child

0.213

Male

1.193

0.903

1.577

0.213

Female

1.000

Birth order

0.273

>4^th birth rank

1.312

0.875

1.968

0.187

2^nd or 3^rd birth

1.009

0.659

1.545

0.967

1^st birth rank

1.000

Preceding Birth Interval

0.001

0.038

<=24 months

2.121

1.459

3.084

0.001

1.941

1.036

3.635

0.038

>24 months

1.000

1.000

Succeeding Birth Interval

0.001

0.003

<=24 months

4.162

2.579

6.717

0.001

3.215

1.505

6.866

0.003

>24 months

1.000

Baby’s size at birth

0.003

0.025

Very large/larger than

0.399

0.233

0.684

0.001

0.170

0.047

0.624

0.008

average

0.569

0.365

0.886

0.013

0.717

0.333

1.546

0.394

Average

Very small or smaller than average

1.000

1.000

Place of delivery

0.316

Home

1.230

0.820

1.846

0.316

Health Facility

1.000

Delivery assisted by

0.291

Professional

0.482

0.224

1.038

0.062

TBA

0.556

0.255

1.215

0.141

Combined

0.448

0.126

1.597

0.215

No assistance

1.000

Mode of Delivery

0.029

0.022

Normal delivery

4.073

1.152

14.399

0.029

4.423

1.664

3.379

0.022

Caesarean Section

1.000

1.000

Currently breastfeeding

0.002

0.001

No

1.618

1.190

2.202

0.002

2.382

1.674

3.390

0.001

Yes

1.000

1.000