Table 3 Infant Mortality Rate by selected background characteristics in the population of Nepal, 2011 (Total: 5274)
Community level Factors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
NDHS 2011 | ||||
Variables | IMRa | P value | ||
Region 5274) | Â | 0.582 | ||
Far-Western | 54 | Â | ||
Mid-Western | 42 | Â | ||
Western | 47 | Â | ||
Central | 43 | Â | ||
Eastern | 37 | Â | ||
Ecological Region (5274) | Â | 0.001 | ||
Terai | 41 | Â | ||
Hill | 44 | Â | ||
Mountain | 61 | Â | ||
Residence (5274) | Â | 0.022 | ||
Urban | 40 | Â | ||
Rural | 44 | Â | ||
Maternal Antenatal care visits (2994) | Â | 0.036 | ||
Yes | 20 | Â | ||
No | 38 | Â | ||
Delivery assisted (4183) | Â | 0.085 | ||
Yes | 42 | Â | ||
No | 78 | Â | ||
Post-natal care (maternal) (2994) | Â | 0.189 | ||
Yes | 18 | Â | ||
No | 26 | Â | ||
Socioeconomic level Factors | ||||
 Maternal education (5274) |  | 0.356 | ||
 No education | 49 |  | ||
 Primary | 43 |  | ||
 Secondary | 36 |  | ||
 Higher | 28 |  | ||
 Partner’s education (5274) |  | 0.010 | ||
 No education | 57 |  | ||
 Primary | 52 |  | ||
 Secondary | 35 |  | ||
 Higher | 21 |  | ||
 Religion (5274) |  | 0.617 | ||
 Hindu | 44 |  | ||
 Buddhist | 58 |  | ||
 Muslim | 30 |  | ||
 Kirat | 0 |  | ||
 Christian/others | 22 |  | ||
 Maternal literacy (5274) |  | 0.017 | ||
 Able to read parts or whole sentence | 36 |  | ||
 Unable to read at all | 53 |  | ||
 Paternal occupation (5274) |  | 0.905 | ||
 Unemployed | 0 |  | ||
 Employed | 44 |  | ||
 Don’t Know | 40 |  | ||
 Maternal occupation (5274) |  | 0.726 | ||
 Unemployed | 46 |  | ||
 Employed | 40 |  | ||
 Biomass use (5274) |  | 0.050 | ||
 Relatively non-polluting | 43 |  | ||
 Relatively high polluting | 29 |  | ||
 Others | 62 |  | ||
 Wealth Index (5274) |  | 0.610 | ||
 Poorest | 48 |  | ||
 Poorer | 44 |  | ||
 Middle | 45 |  | ||
 Richer | 45 |  | ||
 Richest | 30 |  | ||
Proximate level Factors | ||||
Maternal Factors | ||||
 Mother’s age at Marriage (5274) |  | 0.092 | ||
 <16 years | 49 |  | ||
 17-21 years | 47 |  | ||
 >22 years | 30 |  | ||
 Maternal age at Child Birth (5274) |  | 0.466 | ||
 <16 years | 48 |  | ||
 17-21 years | 39 |  | ||
 >22 years | 39 |  | ||
 Mother marital status (5274) |  | 0.871 | ||
 Married | 44 |  | ||
 Widowed | 47 |  | ||
 Divorced/Separated | 25 |  | ||
 Decision making on own health care need (5274) |  | 0.370 | ||
 Respondent alone | 45 |  | ||
 Respondent & husband/partner/other | 37 |  | ||
 Husband/Partner alone | 45 |  | ||
 Someone else | 55 |  | ||
 Decision making on own health care need (5274) |  | 0.455 | ||
 Respondent alone | 25 |  | ||
 Respondent & husband/partner/other | 29 |  | ||
 Husband/Partner alone | 59 |  | ||
 Someone else | 57 |  | ||
 Maternal BMI (Asian) (2557) |  | 0.493 | ||
 Underweight <18.49 |  |  | ||
 Normal range 18.5-24.99 |  |  | ||
 Overweight/obsess >=25.00 |  |  | ||
Infant Factors | ||||
 Sex of Child (5836) |  | 0.212 | ||
 Male | 47 |  | ||
 Female | 40 |  | ||
 Birth order (5836) |  | 0.272 | ||
 1st birth rank | 51 |  | ||
 2nd or 3rd birth | 40 |  | ||
 >4th birth rank | 39 |  | ||
 Preceding Birth Interval (5836) |  | 0.009 | ||
 <=24 months |  |  | ||
 >24 months |  |  | ||
 Succeeding Birth Interval (5836) |  | 0.001 | ||
 <=24 months | 151 |  | ||
 >24 months | 41 |  | ||
 Baby’s size at birth (4494) |  | 0.004 | ||
 Very large/Larger than average | 29 |  | ||
 Average | 41 |  | ||
 Very small/Smaller than average | 70 |  | ||
Delivery Factors | ||||
 Place of delivery (4496) |  | 0.316 | ||
 Home | 46 |  | ||
 Health Facility | 38 |  | ||
 Deliver Assisted by (4494) |  | 0.437 | ||
 Professional | 39 |  | ||
 TBA | 45 |  | ||
 Combined | 36 |  | ||
 No assistance | 78 |  | ||
 Mode of delivery (4494) |  | 0.018 | ||
 Normal (non-caesarean section) | 45 |  | ||
 Caesarean Section | 11 |  | ||
 Currently breastfeeding (5836) |  | 0.002 | ||
 Yes | 36 |  | ||
 No | 57 |  | ||