Table 5 Factors associated with goiter among school children, Dabat District, northwest Ethiopia, 2016 (n = 735)
Variables | Goiter status | Crude odds Ratio 95% C1 | Adjusted odds Ratio 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes # | No # | |||
Age | 214 | 521 | 1.13 (1.02,1.26) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.26) |
Sex of the child | ||||
 Male | 89 | 248 | 1.00 | * |
 Female | 125 | 273 | 1.28 (0.93, 1.76) | * |
Residence | ||||
 Urban | 29 | 126 | 1.00 | * |
 Rural | 185 | 395 | 2.04 (1.31, 3.16) | * |
Mother’s education | ||||
 Illiterate | 179 | 382 | 1.00 | * |
 Primary education | 19 | 81 | 0.50 (0.29, 0.85) | * |
 Secondary and above | 16 | 58 | 0.59 (0.33, 1.05) | * |
Father’s education | ||||
 Illiterate | 127 | 278 | 1.00 | * |
 Primary education | 71 | 167 | 0.93 (0.66, 1.32) | * |
 Secondary and above | 16 | 76 | 0.46 (0.26, 0.82) | * |
Mother’s occupation | ||||
 House wife | 102 | 218 | 1.27 (0.92, 1.74) | 1.48 (1.02, 2.14) |
 Outdoor workers | 112 | 303 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Father’s occupation | ||||
 Farmer | 191 | 402 | 1.00 | * |
 Merchant | 8 | 34 | 0.49 (0.26, 1.09) | * |
 Government employee | 10 | 63 | 0.33 (0.17, 0.67) | * |
 Others | 5 | 22 | 0.48 (.18, 1.28) | * |
Family size | ||||
 < 6 | 73 | 209 | 1.00 | * |
 ≥ 6 | 141 | 312 | 1.29 (0.93, 1.80) | * |
Family history | ||||
 Yes | 17 | 39 | 1.07 (0.59, 1.93) | * |
 No | 297 | 482 | 1.00 | * |
Source of drinking water | ||||
 Tap water | 33 | 135 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Protected well | 35 | 93 | 1.54 (0.89, 2.65) | 1.28 (0.66, 2.48) |
 Unprotected well | 22 | 12 | 7.50 (3.37, 16.69) | 6.38 (2.55, 16.01) |
 Protected spring | 79 | 192 | 1.68 (1.06, 2.67) | 1.14 (0.64, 2.03) |
 Unprotected spring | 45 | 89 | 2.07 (1.23, 3.49) | 1.41 (0.75, 2.65) |
Household wealth index | ||||
 Poor | 79 | 174 | 1.77 (1.18, 2.67) | 1.27 (0.76, 2.12) |
 Medium | 85 | 152 | 2.18 (1.45, 3.28) | 1.75 (1.07, 2.87) |
 Rich | 50 | 195 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Type of salt | ||||
 Packed | 7 | 21 | 1.00 | * |
 Unpacked | 207 | 500 | 1.24 (0.52, 2.97) | * |
Addition of salt during food preparation | ||||
 At the beginning and the middle | 95 | 271 | 0.74 (0.54, 1.01) | * |
 At the end | 119 | 250 | 1.00 | * |
Salt exposure to sunlight | ||||
 Yes | 10 | 26 | 0.93 (0.44, 1.97) | * |
 No | 204 | 495 | 1.00 | * |
Salt storage | ||||
 Near to fire | 20 | 52 | 0.93 (0.54, 1.60) | * |
 Away from fire | 194 | 469 | 1.00 | * |
Salt storage | ||||
 With closed material | 203 | 493 | 1.00 | * |
 Without closed material | 11 | 28 | 0.95 (0.47, 1.95) | * |
Duration of salt storage | ||||
 1–2 months | 192 | 473 | 1.00 | * |
 > 2 months | 22 | 43 | 1.27 (0.74, 2.19) | * |
Salt iodine content | ||||
 0–14 ppm | 175 | 321 | 2.80 (1.89, 4.13) | 2.79 (1.86, 4.19) |
 ≥ 15 ppm | 39 | 200 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mother’s knowledge | ||||
 Poor | 69 | 138 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Medium | 69 | 215 | 0.64 (0.43, 0.95) | 0.65 (0.42, 0.94) |
 High | 76 | 168 | 0.90 (0.61, 1.35) | 0.99 (0.64, 1.55) |
Mother’s attitude | ||||
 Poor | 72 | 195 | 0.70 (0.47, 1.03) | * |
 Medium | 68 | 186 | 0.69 (0.47, 1.03) | * |
 High | 74 | 140 | 1.00 | * |
Cabbage consumption | ||||
 Never | 200 | 460 | 1.00 | * |
 Once and more per week | 14 | 61 | 0.53 (0.29, 0.97) | * |
DDS | ||||
 < 4 food groups | 196 | 430 | 2.30 (1.35, 3.93) | 1.92 (1.06, 3.48) |
 ≥ 4 food groups | 18 | 91 | 1.00 | 1.00 |