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Table 3 Predictors of BMI among overweight and obese 16–35 year olds (with normal BMI as the reference group)

From: Coming of age, becoming obese: a cross-sectional analysis of obesity among adolescents and young adults in Malaysia

Characteristic

Unadjusted models

Base model: with all predictors

Reduced model: with selected predictors

RRR

[95 % CI]

RRR

[95 % CI]

RRR

[95 % CI]

Over weight

Age (years)

1.07***

1.0566

1.0818

1.03***

1.0111

1.0492

1.05***

1.0328

1.0650

 Sex

  Male

1.00

  

1.00

     

  Female

0.99

0.8566

1.1369

0.90

0.7585

1.0661

   

 Ethnicity

  Malay

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

  Indian

1.16

0.9079

1.4724

1.11

0.8602

1.4413

1.07

0.8300

1.3821

  Chinese

0.74***

0.5966

0.9068

0.86

0.6876

1.0719

0.82

0.6563

1.0141

  Other

0.53*

0.2983

0.9539

0.37***

0.1884

0.7297

0.45**

0.2516

0.8158

  Orang asli

2.32***

1.5143

3.5395

1.70*

1.0516

2.7548

1.86**

1.1983

2.9008

 Marital status

  Married

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

  Not married

0.45***

0.3883

0.5214

0.67***

0.5408

0.8277

0.68***

0.5584

0.8160

Eating out

0.98***

0.9706

0.9939

0.98**

0.9703

0.9959

0.99

0.9771

1.0016

 Education

  None

1.00

  

1.00

     

  Other

1.78

0.3877

8.1702

3.33

0.6942

15.9796

   

  Primary

3.66

0.8043

16.6475

3.19

0.6815

14.9765

   

  Secondary

2.43

0.5475

10.8000

2.72

0.5919

12.5298

   

  Tertiary

2.61

0.5810

11.7014

3.32

0.7129

15.5032

   

 Employment

  Full-time

1.00

  

1.00

     

  Student

0.45***

0.3630

0.5491

0.66***

0.5004

0.8783

   

  House-wife/-husband

1.18

0.9483

1.4623

0.93

0.7132

1.2116

   

  Not working

0.54***

0.4051

0.7112

0.69*

0.5053

0.9412

   

  Casual jobs

1.32

0.6372

2.7140

1.15

0.5360

2.4560

   

  Part-time

1.02

0.7276

1.4344

1.14

0.8073

1.6180

   

  Pensioner

0.00

0.0000

.

0.00

0.0000

.

   

  Self employed

1.24

0.9779

1.5744

1.24

0.9609

1.5998

   

  Too young

0.41***

0.2195

0.7691

0.66

0.3321

1.2981

   

Total physical activity

1.00

0.9992

1.0013

1.00

0.9988

1.0012

   

Obese

Age (years)

1.08***

1.0640

1.0939

1.06***

1.0348

1.0794

1.06***

1.0406

1.0785

 Sex

  Male

1.00

  

1.00

     

  Female

1.52***

1.2847

1.8020

1.23*

1.0023

1.5055

   

 Ethnicity

  Malay

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

  Indian

1.26

0.9627

1.6460

1.18

0.8917

1.5691

1.21

0.9123

1.5930

  Chinese

0.46***

0.3485

0.6188

0.55***

0.4054

0.7349

0.56***

0.4173

0.7499

  Other

0.16***

0.0514

0.5230

0.11***

0.0350

0.3757

0.14***

0.0442

0.4547

  Orang asli

2.29***

1.4289

3.6774

1.34

0.7833

2.2757

1.81*

1.1112

2.9555

 Marital status

  Married

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

  Not married

0.43***

0.3661

0.5155

0.85

0.6587

1.0936

0.73***

0.5830

0.9045

Eating out

0.96***

0.9451

0.9746

0.98***

0.9595

0.9912

0.97***

0.9538

0.9846

 Education

  None

1.00

  

1.00

     

  Other

0.46

0.1542

1.3978

1.07

0.3285

3.5024

   

  Primary

1.21

0.4146

3.5511

1.32

0.4249

4.1195

   

  Secondary

0.66

0.2355

1.8690

0.89

0.2930

2.6764

   

  Tertiary

0.53

0.1828

1.5295

0.84

0.2682

2.6047

   

Employment

  Full-time

1.00

  

1.00

     

  Student

0.47***

0.3641

0.6126

0.83

0.5893

1.1827

   

  House-wife/-husband

2.08***

1.6485

2.6299

1.43*

1.0666

1.9125

   

  Not working

1.11

0.8342

1.4676

1.33

0.9659

1.8338

   

  Casual jobs

0.79

0.2687

2.3427

0.78

0.2592

2.3545

   

  Part-time

1.08

0.7102

1.6296

1.13

0.7373

1.7291

   

  Pensioner

0.00

0.0000

.

0.00

0.0000

.

   

  Self employed

1.15

0.8492

1.5505

1.12

0.8113

1.5347

   

  Too young

0.81

0.4366

1.4870

1.38

0.7004

2.7194

   

Total physical activity

1.00

0.9990

1.0015

1.00

0.9996

1.0023

   
  1. RRR relative risk ratio, CI confidence interval; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; ***p<0.001
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