From: Does cost sharing do more harm or more good? - a systematic literature review
 | Group |  | Kakwani index | Ability to pay | Reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | OOP | Private health insurance | Total healthcare financing | Household expenditures | Disposable income | ||||
1 | Canada | 1 | 2001 (non seniors) | −0.373 | −0.100 |  |  | x | [10] |
2001 (seniors) | −0.299 | NA | |||||||
2004 (non seniors) | −0.253 | ||||||||
2004 (seniors) | −0.078 | ||||||||
2004 | −0.195 | −0.099 | −0.087 | ||||||
2,3 | China Heilongjiang province | 2002 (urban) | 0.088 | NA | Â | x | Â | ||
2002 (rural) | 0.075 | ||||||||
2007 (urban) | −0.020 | ||||||||
2007 (rural) | 0.027 | ||||||||
China Gansu province | 2002 (urban) | 0.0455 | 0.0854 | 0.0431 | x | Â | [18] | ||
2002 (rural) | 0.0448 | 0.0810 | 0.0148 | ||||||
2007 (urban) | 0.0488 | 0.0089 | 0.0351 | ||||||
2007 (rural) | 0.0086 | 0.2534 | −0.0226 | ||||||
4 | Columbia | 1984 | −0.009 | NA | x | x | [14] | ||
1997 | 0.003 | ||||||||
5 | Iran | 1984 (urban) | 0.455 | NA | x | Â | [19] | ||
1984 (rural) | 0.443 | ||||||||
2010 (urban) | 0.446 | ||||||||
2010 (rural) | 0.417 | ||||||||
6 | Thailand | 2000 | −0.150 | −0.362 | −0.004 |  | x | [12] | |
2002 | −0.076 | −0.391 | 0.001 | ||||||
2004 | −0.076 | −0.323 | 0.034 | ||||||
2006 | −0.045 |  | 0.041 | ||||||
7,8 | Turkey | 2003 | −0.147 | NA |  | x | [15] | ||
2006 | −0.152 | ||||||||
2003 | 0.079 | x | Â | [16] | |||||
2006 | 0.009 | ||||||||
2009 | −0.028 | ||||||||
9 | Vietnam | Insured (1999) | from (−0.244) to (−0.065) | NA | x |  | [13] | ||
Uninsured (1999) | from (−0.242) to (−0.173) | ||||||||
10 | Czech Republic | 2 | 2007 | −0.084 | NA | x |  | [22] | |
2008 | −0.125 | ||||||||
2009 | −0.114 | ||||||||
11 | Estonia | 2000 | −0.300 | NA | 0.032 | x |  | [20] | |
2007 | −0.379 | 0.005 | |||||||
12 | Hungary | 2005 | −0.220 | NA |  | x | [21] | ||
2006 | −0.224 | ||||||||
2007 | −0.220 | ||||||||
2008 | −0.215 | ||||||||
13 | Slovakia | 2001 | −0.170 | NA | 0.020 |  | x | [11] | |
2005 | −0.210 | −0.010 | |||||||
14 | Bulgaria | 3 | 1995 | −0.320 | NA | −0.258 | x |  | [23] |
2001 | −0.396 | −0.316 | |||||||
15 | France | 2001 | 0.043 | −0.248 | NA | x |  | [25] | |
2004 | 0.046 | −0.254 | |||||||
16 | Ireland | 1987/1988 | −0.010 | 0.080 | NA |  | x | [24] | |
1999/2000 | −0.100 | 0.060 | |||||||
2004/2005 | −0.108 | −0.032 |