Table 3 Risk factors for total stunting in children aged 0-23 months

Sex

Boys

30.9

689

1.29

(0.99 - 1.68)

0.06

1.45

(1.11 - 1.90)

0.007

Girls

25.8

677

1.00

1.00

Age of child

12 - 23 months

37.7

716

4.00

(2.72 - 5.87)

< 0.001

4.40

(2.97 - 6.53)

< 0.001

6-11 months

22.6

341

1.91

(1.27 - 2.88)

1.97

(1.30 - 2.99)

0-5 months

13.3

309

1.00

1.00

Breastfeeding within one hour of birth

No

30.1

438

1.14

(0.87 - 1.50)

0.34

Yes

27.6

928

1.00

Age-appropriate feeding

No

31.3

812

1.39

(1.09 - 1.77)

0.008

Yes

24.2

554

1.00

Mother’s age

≥ 40 years

28.3

92

1.26

(0.61 - 2.63)

0.79

30-39 years

29.3

516

1.38

(0.73 - 2.60)

20-29 years

28.1

704

1.29

(0.70 - 2.37)

< 20 years

24.1

54

Mother’s education

No or incomplete primary

43.4

196

2.53

(1.77 - 3.62)

<0.001

Completed primary

31.0

229

1.48

(1.04 - 2.12)

Completed junior high

27.6

333

1.28

(0.96 - 1.72)

Completed senior high

23.0

608

1.00

Number of household members

> 4

28.9

816

1.03

(0.83 - 1.29)

0.77

≤ 4

27.6

550

1.00

Wealth quintile

Lowest

40.1

294

2.84

(1.84 - 4.40)

< 0.001

2.30

(1.43 - 3.68)

0.004

Second

31.0

277

1.89

(1.33 - 2.70)

1.85

(1.26 - 2.72)

Third

27.1

273

1.56

(1.06 - 2.30)

1.68

(1.11 - 2.55)

Fourth

23.0

256

1.26

(0.83 - 1.91)

1.31

(0.85 - 2.04)

Highest

19.2

266

1.00

1.00

Sanitation

Unimproved

35.3

532

1.71

(1.37 - 2.15)

<0.001

1.27

(0.99 - 1.63)

0.06

Improved

24.0

834

1.00

1.00

Safe disposal of child’s faeces

Unsafe

29.6

773

1.10

(0.87 - 1.40)

0.41

Safe

26.8

593

1.00

Use of soap for hand washing

Not use soap

31.6

611

1.29

(1.00 - 1.67)

0.05

Use soap

25.8

755

1.00

Water source

Unimproved

27.3

935

0.86

(0.67 - 1.10)

0.23

Improved

30.9

431

1.00

Water treatment

Untreated

38.2

136

1.59

(1.08 - 2.34)

0.019

0.89

(0.49 - 1.61)

0.70

Treated

27.3

1230

1.00

1.00

Number of ANC visits of mother during pregnancy

< 4

40.7

91

1.70

(1.12 - 2.60)

0.013

≥ 4

27.5

1275

1.00

Doctor/midwife provided ANC to mother during pregnancy

No

45.3

64

2.07

(1.29 - 3.33)

0.003

Yes

27.6

1302

1.00

ANC in private or public health facility

No

45.8

48

2.12

(1.16 - 3.87)

0.014

Yes

27.8

1318

1.00

Mother participates in decisions on HH food purchases

Yes

28.8

1211

1.21

(0.78 - 1.87)

0.39

No

25.2

155

1.00

Mother participates in decisions on what food is cooked for HH

Yes

29.2

1223

1.50

(0.95 - 2.38)

0.08

No

21.7

143

1.00

Mother participates in decisions on food given to child

Yes

28.5

1300

1.18

(0.61 - 2.27)

0.63

No

25.8

66

1.00

Mother participates in decisions on seeking health care for child

Yes

28.7

1180

1.13

(0.79 - 1.61)

0.50

No

26.3

186

1.00

Sanitation x water treatment

2.81

(1.32 - 5.97)

0.007