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Table 5 Urine biomarker concentration summary and statistical comparisons

From: Reductions in biomarkers of exposure, impacts on smoking urge and assessment of product use and tolerability in adult smokers following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes

 

Exclusive e-Cigarette use groups

Dual use groups

Nicotine cessation

N = 13

Biomarker

Tobacco rechargeable

N = 15

Cherry rechargeable

N = 13

Cherry disposable

N = 13

Tobacco rechargeable

N = 14

Cherry rechargeable

N = 15

Cherry disposable

N = 13

NNAL (ng/24 h)

      

 Day −1

427.6 ± 218.8

383.7 ± 178.8

299.1 ± 165.0

430.8 ± 217.1

422.0 ± 257.5

343.3 ± 123.3

481.6 ± 377.5

 Day 5

174.3 ± 144.6

149.2 ± 80.3

111.1 ± 68.9

328.6 ± 178.9

321.1 ± 177.3

269.2 ± 96.3

175.1 ± 140.8

 p-value Day −1 vs Day 5

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

0.0063

0.0042

0.0028

0.0004

 p-value Day 5 vs Cessation

0.1940

0.2456

0.2593

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

NA

3-HPMA (μg/24 h)

      

 Day −1

1521.7 ± 820.0

1903.0 ± 1132.7

1353.7 ± 598.8

1644.1 ± 501.3

1474.6 ± 519.9

1489.5 ± 567.1

2004.1 ± 1137.8

 Day 5

214.4 ± 94.3

263.1 ± 64.7

246.7 ± 101.5

1046.2 ± 360.6

1070.7 ± 342.2

1155.4 ± 368.5

228.8 ± 84.2

 p-value Day −1 vs Day 5

<0.0001

0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

0.0009

0.0062

<.0001

 p-value Day 5 vs Cessation

0.5137

0.6099

0.3194

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

NA

HMPMA (μg/24 h)

      

 Day −1

523.8 ± 225.3

657.2 ± 328.9

533.4 ± 208.3

590.7 ± 178.7

597.5 ± 198.0

504.5 ± 167.1

797.7 ± 429.4

 Day 5

71.3 ± 33.1

83.2 ± 32.3

78.0 ± 20.7

391.8 ± 151.2

394.6 ± 119.3

386.8 ± 94.1

78.1 ± 18.6

 p-value Day −1 vs Day 5

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.0094

<.0001

p-value Day 5 vs Cessation

0.4785

0.5206

0.4211

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

NA

CEMA (μg/24 h)

      

 Day −1

219.7 ± 98.5

266.1 ± 140.9

201.0 ± 72.8

256.0 ± 97.9

246.2 ± 109.8

223.5 ± 61.6

289.7 ± 132.2

 Day 5

33.4 ± 21.8

41.3 ± 30.4

25.9 ± 11.2

172.8 ± 72.1

168.3 ± 50.9

173.0 ± 63.7

41.0 ± 19.7

 p-value Day −1 vs Day 5

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

0.0002

0.0010

0.0002

<.0001

 p-value Day 5 vs Cessation

0.2902

0.6357

0.4549

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

NA

1-OHP (ng/24 h)

      

 Day −1

317.4 ± 138.7

302.9 ± 171.5

260.9 ± 166.8

363.6 ± 174.1

294.5 ± 145.5

304.1 ± 122.7

364.0 ± 200.7

 Day 5

93.7 ± 52.9

85.9 ± 32.2

90.6 ± 38.4

235.1 ± 121.1

206.3 ± 90.9

224.1 ± 89.5

108.2 ± 55.0

 p-value Day −1 vs Day 5

<.0001

0.0002

0.0007

0.0006

0.0004

0.0007

<.0001

 p-value Day 5 vs Cessation

0.8331

0.7524

0.4115

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

NA

NNN (ng/24 h)

      

 Day −1

18.6 ± 12.1

13.7 ± 11.5

13.9 ± 12.5

14.3 ± 8.6

12.3 ± 8.1

11.3 ± 5.4

16.2 ± 12.1

 Day 5

1.2 ± 2.4

0.7 ± 0.9

1.2 ± 3.3

8.9 ± 7.7

7.6 ± 5.4

7.1 ± 3.1

0.2 ± 0.1

 p-value Day −1 vs Day 5

<.0001

0.0011

0.0045

0.0001

0.0019

0.0032

0.0005

 p-value Day 5 vs Cessation

0.6402

0.6223

0.3974

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

NA

MHBMA (μg/24 h)

      

 Day −1

4.9 ± 3.5

5.9 ± 3.8

4.6 ± 3.2

5.0 ± 2.9

3.4 ± 2.5

4.5 ± 2.8

5.6 ± 3.6

 Day 5

0.3 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.1

3.5 ± 2.1

2.8 ± 1.8

4.3 ± 2.3

0.4 ± 0.1

 p-value Day −1 vs Day 5

0.0002

0.0002

0.0006

0.0024

0.0320

0.1539

0.0002

 p-value Day 5 vs Cessation

0.8548

0.8106

0.7313

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

NA

S-PMA (μg/24 h)

      

 Day −1

6.3 ± 3.7

8.1 ± 4.9

6.3 ± 3.9

7.0 ± 4.4

4.9 ± 3.5

6.9 ± 5.5

7.6 ± 4.3

 Day 5

0.3 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.3

0.4 ± 0.2

4.9 ± 3.3

3.6 ± 2.3

6.0 ± 4.6

0.3 ± 0.2

 p-value Day −1 vs Day 5

<.0001

<.0001

0.0001

0.0031

0.0055

0.0072

<.0001

 p-value Day 5 vs Cessation

0.5274

0.7602

0.4430

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

NA

Nicotine Equivalents (mg/24 h)

     

 Day −1

17.0 ± 6.6

17.6 ± 8.7

14.5 ± 4.4

16.6 ± 5.5

16.0 ± 6.2

15.7 ± 3.9

20.0 ± 8.9

 Day 5

10.7 ± 9.1

12.7 ± 9.7

10.5 ± 9.6

18.4 ± 7.2

15.9 ± 5.5

15.8 ± 5.0

0.5 ± 0.2

 p-value Day −1 vs Day 5

0.0115

0.0415

0.0033

0.4188

0.9103

0.8519

<.0001

 p-value Day 5 vs Cessation

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

<0.0001

NA

  1. Values are presented as mean ± SD
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BMC Public Health

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